Table 1:

Summary table for aggressive vertebral hemangioma

Etiology	Debated. Likely multifactorial.
Incidence	10–12% of adult population
Gender ratio	Slightly more common in women
Age predilection	Middle aged adults
Risk factors	Rarely associated with chromosomal abnormalities
Treatment	Embolization, Sclerotherapy, Radiation therapy, Surgery, and Vertebroplasty
Prognosis	Variable, depending on degree of spinal cord involvement.
Findings on imaging	Radiography: Thick coarsened vertical trabeculae in a “corduroy” or “honeycomb” pattern. CT: Hypodense lesion centered in vertebral body. Sparse, thickened trabeculae surrounded by hypodense fat. “Polka-dot” appearance on axial images. Avid contrast enhancement. MRI: T1WI: iso- to hypo-intense with avid contrast enhancement. T2WI: Hyperintense. May have extraosseous soft tissue extension and/or pathologic fracture.