Fig. 2.

Roles of nuclear Prx1 and Prx2. Prx1 is localized in both the cytoplasm and nucleus and interacts directly with the transcription factors, c-Myc,⁽⁵⁶⁾ NF-κB^(22,59) and AR.⁽²⁴⁾ Prx1 suppress c-Myc,^(23,56) whereas it enhances activities of p50⁽²²⁾ and p65⁽⁵⁹⁾ components of NF-κB and helps activation/phosphorylation of AR.⁽²⁴⁾ Prx2 is also localized in the nucleus and enhances JNK signaling induced by anticancer/DNA-damaging agent resulting in DNA-repair and tumor survival.⁽⁵³⁾ Cytoplasmic Prx2 increases AR transactivation, whereas nuclear Prx2 suppresses AR transactivation.