. 2012 Feb 8;2012:287457. doi: 10.1155/2012/287457

Table 1.

Summary of markers of appetite regulation in various cachectic states.

Condition	Appetite	Body Weight	Circulating Leptin Levels	POMC/α-MSH hypothalamic levels	NPY/AgRP hypothalamic levels	Circulating inflammatory markers	Hypothalamic inflammatory markers	References
Cancer cachexia	↓^∗#	↓^∗#	↓^∗#	↑*	↓*	↑^∗#	↑*	[60, 84–87]
CHF-induced cachexia	↓^∗#	↓^∗#	↑^∗#	unknown	unknown	↑^∗#	unknown	[10, 99–102, 115]
Pulmonary cachexia	↓^∗#	↓^∗#	↓^∗#	unknown	unknown	↑^∗#	unknown	[121, 122, 124–126]
CKD cachexia	↓^∗#	↓^∗#	↑^∗#	unknown	unknown	↑^∗#	unknown	[135, 137, 139, 140, 142, 145]
Aging cachexia	↓^∗#	↓^∗#	↓^∗#	↑*	↓*	↑^∗#	unknown	[146–150]

^#—supported by human model data; *—supported by animal model data.