Table 4.
Non-native speakers of english and risk of any dementia and AD
| Risk for any dementia for n-NES versus NES Hazard ratio (95% CI) p valuea |
Risk for Alzheimer’s disease for n-NES versus NES Hazard Ratio (95% CI) p valuea |
|
|---|---|---|
| # cases/# censored | 126/980 | 101/1005 |
| Model 1b | 1.23 (0.83–1.83) 0.31 |
1.24 (0.80–1.92) 0.34 |
| Model 2c | 1.16 (0.77–1.76) 0.48 |
1.18 (0.74–1.86) 0.49 |
| Model 3d | 1.26 (0.76–2.09) 0.36 |
1.21 (0.69–2.11) 0.52 |
Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.
a
Native English speakers were used as the reference group for n-NES. In the n-NES group there were 33 incident cases of dementia and 27 incident cases of Alzheimer’s disease.
b
Model 1: Age used as time scale, but otherwise unadjusted.
c
Model 2: Adjusted for Gender and Race/Ethnicity (male and white race as referents), and years of education.
d
Model 3: additional adjustment for Immigrant Status (born in US as referent) and Marital Status (currently married as referent).