Table 1.
Clinical and demographic information for healthy subjects and patients with bipolar depression.
| Patients (n = 16) | Controls (n = 16) | Effect of diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 28.1 ± 3.4 | 30.6 ± 4.2 | |
| Gender (F/M) | 4/12 | 6/10 | |
| Graduated from high school | 12 | 14 | |
| Handedness (right) | 16 | 16 | |
| Number of subjects who had family history | 2 | — | |
| YMRS score | 6.13 ± 1.93 | — | |
| HDRS score | 22.06 ± 4.36 | 5.88 ± 2.06 | |
| NAA | |||
| Right | 593.63 ± 412.09 | 838.56 ± 176.19 | |
| Left | 633.69 ± 386.88 | 899.19 ± 125.39 | |
| CHO | |||
| Right | 793.31 ± 430.69 | 898.88 ± 139.14 | |
| Left | 806.37 ± 361.29 | 944.37 ± 144.94 | |
| CRE | |||
| Right | 420.63 ± 253.52 | 669.32 ± 89.81 | |
| Left | 486.19 ± 281.01 | 684.50 ± 132.28 | |
| NAA/CRE | 1.32 ± 0.25 | 1.29 ± 0.15 | 0.073 |
| Right | 1.38 ± 0.25 | 1.26 ± 0.25 | 2.490 |
| Left | 1.30 ± 0.42 | 1.34 ± 0.18 | 2.326 |
| NAA/CHO | 0.74 ± 0.21 | 0.95 ± 0.14* | 5.251 |
| Right | 0.78 ± 0.36 | 0.94 ± 0.17* | 5.105 |
| Left | 0.76 ± 0.27 | 0.97 ± 0.15 | 4.724 |
| CHO/CRE | 1.87 ± 0.54 | 1.37 ± 0.19** | 7.921 |
| Right | 1.99 ± 0.63 | 1.36 ± 0.25* | 4.763 |
| Left | 1.85 ± 0.84 | 1.41 ± 0.26*** | 3.732 |
Statistically significant comparisons were indicated with an asterisk.
ICV: Intracranial volume; Y-BOCS: Yale Brown obsession compulsion scale: NAA, N-acetyl aspartate; CHO: choline; CRE: creatine.
*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P = 0.064.