Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants with (N = 20) versus without (N = 55) symptoms of restless legs syndrome (RLS).
| Restless Legs Syndrome | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | ||||
| Frequency/Mean | Percent/SE | Frequency/Mean | Percent/SE | P | |
| Demographic and lifestyle characteristics | |||||
| Age in years (Mean, SE) | 58.78 | 0.90 | 58.65 | 1.70 | NS |
| Race/ethnicity | NS | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 45 | 81.82% | 15 | 75.00% | |
| Minority | 10 | 18.18% | 5 | 25.00% | |
| Education | NS | ||||
| <4 years college | 13 | 23.64% | 7 | 35.00% | |
| ≥4 years college | 42 | 76.36% | 13 | 65.00% | |
| Employed | 39 | 70.91% | 13 | 65.00% | NS |
| Married/Cohabiting | 27 | 49.09% | 7 | 35.00% | NS |
| Mean daily intake of the following: | |||||
| Caffeine, mg (Mean, SE) | 148.89 | 24.86 | 156.47 | 31.49 | NS |
| Alcohol, g (Mean, SE) | 8.45 | 2.93 | 20.13 | 11.14 | NS |
| Health and reproductive history | |||||
| Reported history of: | |||||
| High blood pressure | 14 | 25.45% | 9 | 45.00% | 0.10 |
| Depression | 10 | 18.18% | 10 | 50.00% | 0.008 |
| Anxiety | 8 | 14.55% | 5 | 25.00% | NS |
| Hormone replacement therapy | 11 | 20.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0.03 |
| Never pregnant | 14 | 25.45% | 2 | 10.00% | NS |
| Number of pregnancies | 1.82 | 0.20 | 2.90 | 0.55 | 0.02 |
| Sleep and psychosocial profiles | |||||
| Sleep Quality (PSQI) | |||||
| Sleep quality-Global | 5.39 | 0.51 | 8.33 | 0.75 | 0.003 |
| Sleep quality | 0.61 | 0.15 | 1.30 | 0.29 | 0.03 |
| Sleep latency | 0.92 | 0.14 | 1.05 | 0.26 | NS |
| Sleep duration | 0.65 | 0.09 | 1.35 | 0.20 | 0.0005 |
| Sleep efficiency | 0.40 | 0.11 | 1.00 | 0.26 | 0.02 |
| Sleep disturbance | 1.24 | 0.07 | 1.67 | 0.11 | 0.003 |
| Sleep medication use | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.55 | 0.21 | 0.04 |
| Daytime dysfunction | 1.29 | 0.10 | 1.65 | 0.15 | 0.06 |
| Insomnia (PSQI > 5) (N, %) | 21 | 38.18% | 17 | 85.00% | 0.0002 |
| Average sleep duration in hours (Mean, SE) | 7.10 | 0.15 | 6.18 | 0.25 | 0.002 |
| Anxiety (STAI) | |||||
| Trait | 34.65 | 1.29 | 38.95 | 1.94 | 0.08 |
| State | 30.35 | 1.18 | 32.74 | 2.45 | NS |
| Mood (POMS) | |||||
| Total | 8.96 | 4.26 | 23.89 | 9.47 | 0.09 |
| Tension Anxiety | 3.19 | 0.74 | 4.80 | 1.44 | NS |
| Depression | 7.09 | 1.10 | 11.50 | 2.82 | 0.08 |
| Anger/hostility | 5.27 | 0.70 | 8.26 | 2.47 | NS |
| Vigor | 16.87 | 0.93 | 13.55 | 1.30 | 0.06 |
| Fatigue | 8.28 | 0.90 | 10.35 | 1.45 | NS |
| Confusion | 1.76 | 0.60 | 2.80 | 1.17 | NS |
| Perceived stress (PSS) | 19.60 | 1.01 | 20.95 | 2.16 | NS |
| Social support (DSSI) | |||||
| Social interaction | 8.75 | 0.53 | 10.05 | 0.72 | NS |
| Social support | 18.34 | 0.38 | 17.79 | 0.75 | NS |
| Blood Pressure | |||||
| Systolic (mmHg) | 122.76 | 2.26 | 141.85 | 4.71 | 0.0001 |
| Diastolic (mmHg) | 71.35 | 1.22 | 78.75 | 2.57 | 0.005 |
| Heart rate | 64.82 | 1.28 | 66.65 | 2.62 | NS |
| Anthropometrics | |||||
| Waist girth (cm) | 103.83 | 2.20 | 108.46 | 2.97 | NS |
| Hip girth (cm) | 110.26 | 1.51 | 113.58 | 1.43 | NS |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 31.56 | 0.96 | 33.31 | 1.29 | NS |
| Prediabetic (fasting glucose 100–125 mg/dL) | 21 | 38.18% | 10 | 50.00% | NS |
| Serum ferritin levels (ng/mL)(Mean, SE) | 84.72 | 8.43 | 81.00 | 10.50 | NS |
| Low ferritin level (<50 ng/mL) | 20 | 36.36% | 6 | 30.00% | NS |
Abbreviations. DSSI: Duke Social Support Index.
NS: nonsignificant (P > 0.1).
POMS: Profile of Mood States.
PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
PSS: Perceived Stress Scale.
SE: standard error of the mean.
STAI: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.