Table 1.

Comparison of hBVSC subpopulations and bone marrow MSCs.

	MEC	Pericyte	AC	BM-MSC
Native location	Intima	Media	Adventitia	Bone marrow
Cell surface marker profile for cell sorting	CD34+ CD45− CD56+ CD144+	CD34− CD45− CD56− CD146+	CD31− CD34+ CD45− CD146−	N/A
Classic MSC marker expression in culture	CD29+ CD44+ CD90+ CD105+	CD44+ CD73+ CD90+ CD105+	CD44+ CD73+ CD90+ CD105+	CD29+ CD44+ CD73+ CD90+ CD105+
Differentiation in vitro	Osteogenic (+) Chondrogenic (+) Adipogenic (ND) Myogenic (+)	Osteogenic (+) Chondrogenic (+) Adipogenic (+) Myogenic (+)	Osteogenic (+) Chondrogenic (+) Adipogenic (+) Myogenic (ND)	Osteogenic (+) Chondrogenic (+) Adipogenic (+) Myogenic (+)
Differentiation in vivo	Myogenesis	Myogenesis Osteogenesis	Vasculogenesis	Osteogenesis Chondrogenesis Adipogenesis Myogenesis Cardiomyogenesis Vasculogenesis
Potential clinical application	Skeletal musclerepair/regeneration; Cardiac repair	Skeletal muscle repair/regeneration; Vascular repair/regeneration	Vascular repair/regeneration; Cardiac repair	Bone repair; Cartilage repair; Tendon/ligament repair; skeletal muscle repair; Vascular repair; Cardiac repair; Wound healing; Immunoregulation

MEC: myogenic endothelial cell; AC: adventitial cell; BM-MSC: bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells; N/A: not available; ND: not determined.