Table 2. Sound levels of the velocity excitation exposures applied in the pilot experiments.

Stage	Measured sound levels			Strikes	Distance (m)
	Lv,z−p	VELss	VELcum
	(dB re 1 (nm/s)2)	(dB re 1 (nm/s)2s)	(dB re 1 (nm/s)2s)
1	133	111	111	1	800
	148	125	125	1	100
	147	124	144	100	100
2	142	118	141	200	200
	147	122	142	100	100
3–4a	145	122	147	300	200
	148	125	145	100	100

L_v,z−p  =  zero to peak sound particle velocity level, VEL_ss  =  single strike sound particle velocity exposure level and VEL_cum  =  cumulative sound particle velocity exposure level, see the text for further explanation. The last 2 columns present the corresponding distance from a ‘typical’ North Sea pile-driving installation and number of strikes.