Table 4. Putative targets with associated drugs.
| Gene1 | Involvement in immunity [29]–[31] | JAX phenotype3 | Drug Name | Current Indication3 [29]–[31], [103] |
| CCL2 | activator2 | not available | Danazol | endometriosis, benign breast disorders, angioedema |
| F3 | activator | none | Coagulation factor VIIa | hemorrhagic complications in hemophilia A and B |
| PIK3R1 | activator; used by viruses | abnormal humoral immune response & B cell physiology | Isoproterenol | mild/transient heart block; asthma and chronic bronchitis |
| CD86 | activator2 | abnormal humoral immune response; dec. T cell proliferation | Abatacept | RA; polyarticular JIA |
| Antithymocyte globulin | renal transplant rejection | |||
| IL1B | activator | inc. susceptibility to bacterial infection | Minocycline | bacterial infections |
| Canakinumab | CAPS | |||
| TNF | activator2 | abnormal immune system physiology, inc. susceptibility to viral infection, inc./dec. susceptibility to bacterial infection | Infliximab | Crohn's disease; ulcerative colitis; RA, JIA & psoriatic arthritis; ankylosing spondylitis |
| Pranlukast | reduces bronchospasm caused by allergic reaction | |||
| Amrinone | congestive heart failure | |||
| Etanercept, Adalimumab | RA; JIA (Etanercept); psoriatic arthritis (Adalimumab); ankylosing spondylitis; severe plaque psoriasis (Etanercept); Crohn's disease (Adalimumab) | |||
| Thalidomide | multiple myeloma and erythema nodosum leprosum | |||
| Chloroquine | malaria; RA | |||
| Amrinone | congestive heart failure | |||
| Clenbuterol | bronchodilator for asthma attacks | |||
| MMP9 | used by viruses | abnormal histamine physiology | Marimastat | cancer |
| Minocycline | bacterial infections | |||
| Captopril | renovascular hypertension; congestive heart failure; left ventricular dysfunction; nephropathy | |||
| JUN | activator2 | none | Irbesartan | hypertension; nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients |
| Arsenic trioxide | acute promyelocytic leukemia | |||
| CASP1 | activator2 | dec. inflammatory response, inc./dec. susceptibility to bacterial infection | Minocycline | bacterial infections |
| TUBB3 | used by viruses | not available | Ixabepilone | breast cancer |
1
CASP1 and TUBB3 are members of Parkin-UPS pathway.
2
Strongly associated with innate immune response activation.
3
RA = rheumatoid arthritis; JIA = juvenile idiopathic arthritis; CAPS = cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes; inc. = increased; dec. = decreased.