Table 2.

Results from the simulation study. Root mean square errors (RMSE), signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), and the normalized standard deviations of the signal components averaged over 10 independent simulations.

Method	RMSE	SNR	σx	σn	σc	σr	σε
TR=100 ms (moderate fluctuations)
True	—	1.86	0.53	0.44	0.27	0.19	0.44
Uncorrected	14.28	1.55	1.00	0.74	—	—	—
RETROICOR	5.95	2.00	0.80	0.47	0.29	0.19	—
DRIFTER(x + ε)	4.67	2.35	0.75	0.40	0.34	0.24	—
DRIFTER(x)	1.06	9.18	0.57	0.09	0.34	0.24	0.39
TR=1800 ms (moderate fluctuations)
True	—	0.78	0.34	0.56	0.32	0.21	0.56
Uncorrected	14.11	1.14	1.00	0.90	—	—	—
RETROICOR	7.43	1.13	0.73	0.66	0.48	0.30	—
DRIFTER(x + ε)	8.16	1.21	0.76	0.64	0.46	0.36	—
DRIFTER(x)	6.52	1.37	0.63	0.49	0.46	0.36	0.29
TR=100 ms (strong fluctuations)
True	—	1.85	0.51	0.43	0.28	0.19	0.43
Uncorrected	16.77	1.54	1.00	0.75	—	—	—
RETROICOR	7.82	1.77	0.81	0.52	0.28	0.18	—
DRIFTER(x + ε)	5.00	2.23	0.74	0.40	0.34	0.24	—
DRIFTER(x)	1.20	8.47	0.55	0.09	0.34	0.24	0.39
TR=1800 ms (strong fluctuations)
True	—	0.78	0.32	0.55	0.31	0.21	0.55
Uncorrected	15.89	1.14	1.00	0.90	—	—	—
RETROICOR	11.74	1.14	0.85	0.76	0.38	0.25	—
DRIFTER(x + ε)	11.07	1.19	0.80	0.69	0.31	0.31	—
DRIFTER(x)	7.38	1.35	0.62	0.47	0.31	0.31	0.37