Fig. 1.

Study flow diagram. Osteoporosis drugs were bisphosphonates (alendronate, 5, 10, or 70 mg; cyclical edidronate; risedronate 5 or 35 or 75 or 150 mg; zoledronic acid 5 mg/100 ml); nasal calcitonin (200 U); raloxifene; or teriparatide. Denosumab was approved in 2010 and thus is not included in this study. First date of eligible drug prescription defined entry, participants were permitted to enter the cohort only once and thus the data capture the first prescription for eligible osteoporosis treatment. Asterisk may meet more than one exclusion criterion