Table 1.
A list of cancer biomarkers detected by novel sensors based on nanoproteomics approaches.
| CANCER | TUMOR BIOMARKER | DETECTION TECHNIQUES |
|---|---|---|
| Breast cancer | BRCA1, BRCA2 | Protein Truncation Test (PTT) and western blotting |
| C-MYC | FISH | |
| CA 15.3, CEA, HER2/neu | Immunohistochemistry (ELISA) | |
| HER2/neu | Quantum dots (QD) and optofluidic ring resonator sensors | |
| CEA | Gold nanoparticles based techniques, quantum dots (QD) and silicon photonic microring resonators | |
| Auto-antibodies against p53 or heat shock protein 60 and 90 (hsp) | 2D-PAGE, ELISA or NAPPA arrays | |
| Colorectal cancer | CEA, CA 19.9, CA 72.4 | Immunohistochemistry |
| CEA | Gold nanoparticles based techniques, quantum dots (QD) and silicon photonic microring resonators | |
| ANXA3, BMP4, LCN2, SPARC, MMP7, MMP11 | Immunoblotting and tissue microarray analysis | |
| Epithelial neoplasia | CEA, CYFRA 21-1 | Immunohistochemistry |
| Gastric cancer | CEA, CA 19.9 | Immunohistochemistry |
| CEA | Gold nanoparticles based techniques, quantum dots (QD) and silicon photonic microring resonators | |
| Germ cell tumor | hCG, AFP, LDH | Immunohistochemistry |
| AFP | Gold nanoparticles based techniques, quantum dots (QD), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) | |
| Head and neck cancer | Desmoglein-3, Cytokeratin 4, Cytokeratin 16, Desmoplakin, Vimentin | RPLC-MS/MS: MS-count of unique peptides per protein |
| Keratin 4, Keratin 13, Cornulin, Small proline-rich protein 3 | 2D DIGE | |
| 14-3-3 sigma, 14-3-3 zeta/delta, hnRNPK, S100-A7, PTHA | iTRAQ | |
| Hepatocarcinoma | AFP | Immunohistochemistry, gold nanoparticles based techniques, quantum dots (QD), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) |
| Hsp27, Hsp70, and glucose-regulated protein 78 | 2-DE and MS/MS | |
| Lung cancer | CA125 | SELDI-TOF-MS |
| HER2/neu, CYFRA 21-1, NSE, CEA | Immunohistochemistry (ELISA) | |
| HER2/neu | Quantum dots (QD) and optofluidic ring resonator sensors | |
| CEA | Gold nanoparticles based techniques, quantum dots (QD) and silicon photonic microring resonators | |
| Lymphoma | LDH, β2-microglobulin | Immunohistochemistry (ELISA) |
| Myeloma | Ig, β2-microglobulin | Immunohistochemistry (ELISA) |
| Ovarian cancer | CA-125 | SELDI-TOF-MS |
| HER2/neu | Quantum dots (QD) and optofluidic ring resonator sensors | |
| LDH, CA 15.3, HER2/neu, CEA, CA 19.9 | Immunohistochemistry | |
| CEA | Gold nanoparticles based techniques, quantum dots (QD) and silicon photonic microring resonators | |
| Tropomyosin family, actin family, triosephosphate isomerase family, Hsp60 | Peptide fragment matching and MS/MS | |
| Pancreatic cancer | CA 19.9, CA 72.4, MUC1 | Immunohistochemistry (ELISA) |
| Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma | Thyroglobulin | Immunohistochemistry and PCR-RT |
| Prostate cancer | PSA | Gold nanoparticles based techniques, quantum dots (QD), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), silicon nanowires and 2D cantilever array chip |
| PAP, PG, urinary calgranulin B/MRP-14 | 2-DE MALDI-TOF-MS | |
| Prostate cancer-24 protein | SELDI-MS | |
| HER2/neu | Quantum dots (QD) and optofluidic ring resonator sensors | |
| Testicular cancer | AFP | Gold nanoparticles based techniques, quantum dots (QD), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) |
| β-hCG | Immunohistochemistry | |
| Trophoblastic disease | Gonadotropin | Immunohistochemistry |