Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to genotypes
| Variable | PON1 QQ192 (AA) (n = 63) | PON1 QR192 (AG) (n = 67) | PON1 RR192 (GG) (n = 21) | P-value | CYP2C19 *1/*1 (n = 107) |
CYP2C19 *1/*2 (n = 39) |
CYP2C19 *2/*2 (n = 5) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) (mean ± SD) | 58.1 ± 8.6 | 59.2 ± 10.7 | 57.1 ± 10.7 | 0.67 | 58.5 ± 9.6 | 58.8 ± 8.9 | 54.7 ± 19.8 | 0.68 |
| BMI (kg/m2) (mean ± SD) | 31.3 ± 6.6 | 31.6 ± 7.2 | 34.9 ± 7.3 | 0.10 | 32.5 ± 6.7 | 30.4 ± 7.5 | 33.3 ± 9.5 | 0.25 |
| Men [n (%)] | 43 (72) | 41 (62) | 11 (52) | 0.41 | 65 (61) | 28 (72) | 2 (40) | 0.28 |
| Women [n (%)] | 20 (28) | 25 (38) | 10 (48) | 0.41 | 41 (39) | 11 (28) | 3 (60) | 0.28 |
| White [n (%)] | 57 (90) | 49 (74) | 9 (45) | <0.001 | 77 (73) | 34 (89) | 4 (80) | 0.1 |
| African-American [n (%)] | 6 (10) | 17 (26) | 11 (55) | <0.001 | 29 (27) | 4 (11) | 1 (20) | 0.1 |
| Clopidogrel 75 mg daily maintenance dose [n (%)] | 38 (60) | 42 (64) | 16 (76) | 0.42 | 68 (64) | 24 (62) | 4 (80) | 0.72 |
| Clopidogrel 600 mg loading dose [n (%)] | 25 (40) | 25 (37) | 5 (24) | 0.42 | 39 (36) | 15 (38) | 1 (20) | 0.72 |
| Risk factors [n (%)] | ||||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 21 (33) | 27 (41) | 13(62) | 0.07 | 46 (43) | 14 (36) | 1 (20) | 0.45 |
| Hypertension | 60 (95) | 64 (97) | 21 (100) | 0.57 | 104 (98) | 36 (92) | 5 (100) | 0.21 |
| Dyslipidemia | 60 (95) | 65 (98) | 20 (95) | 0.55 | 102 (96) | 38 (97) | 5 (100) | 0.86 |
| Previous CABG | 12 (19) | 11 (17) | 3 (14) | 0.87 | 19 (18) | 7 (18) | 0 (0) | 0.58 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 14 (22) | 9 (14) | 4 (19) | 0.44 | 19 (18) | 7 (18) | 1 (20) | 0.99 |
| Current smoker | 32 (51) | 30 (45) | 5 (24) | 0.1 | 43 (41) | 21 (54) | 3 (60) | 0.28 |
| Medications [n (%)] | ||||||||
| Aspirin dose (mean daily dose, mg) | 245 | 247 | 179 | 0.49 | 253 | 200 | 325 | 0.27 |
| Angiotensin inhibition-ACEI, ARB | 50 (81) | 50 (76) | 17 (81) | 0.76 | 83 (78) | 30 (79) | 4 (80) | 0.99 |
| Beta-blocker | 57 (92) | 65 (98) | 20 (95) | 0.22 | 103 (97) | 34 (89) | 5 (100) | 0.14 |
| Calcium channel antagonist | 11 (18) | 14 (21) | 4 (19) | 0.88 | 22 (21) | 7 (18) | 0 (0) | 0.51 |
| Statin | 53 (84) | 56 (85) | 20 (95) | 0.42 | 90 (85) | 35 (90) | 4 (80) | 0.7 |
| Proton pump inhibitor | 20 (33) | 25 (38) | 7 (33) | 0.78 | 36 (35) | 14 (37) | 2 (40) | 0.95 |
| SSRI antidepressant | 14 (22) | 11 (17) | 7 (35) | 0.22 | 23 (22) | 9 (24) | 0 (0) | 0.47 |
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CYP2C19, cytochrome P450 2C19; PON1, paraoxonase-1; SD, standard deviation; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.