Table 2.

Relative Risk Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for Predictors of Pain in Childhood Cancer Survivors by Pain Condition

	a
		Pain or abnormal sensation			Migraine			Other frequent headaches
		HR	95 % CI	p-value	HR	95 % CI	p-value	HR	95 % CI	p-value
Sex
	Male	1.0			1.0			1.0
	Female	0.94	(0.84– 1.04)	0.23	1.48	(1.33– 1.64)	<0.001	1.40	(1.26– 1.54)	<0.001
Ethnicity
	Caucasian	1.0			1.0			1.0
	Hispanic	1.74	(1.27– 2.39)	0.001	1.35	(0.97– 1.86)	0.08	1.44	(1.06– 1.96)	0.02
	African American	1.91	(1.58– 2.30)	<0.001	1.85	(1.54– 2.22)	<0.001	1.68	(1.40– 2.02)	<0.001
	American Indian/Alaskan Native	1.44	(0.85– 2.46)	0.18	1.18	(0.66– 2.09)	0.58	1.3	(0.75– 2.26)	0.35
	Asian or Pacific Islander	0.41	(0.16– 1.11)	0.08	0.97	(0.52– 1.81)	0.92	0.88	(0.45– 1.69)	0.69
	Other	0.97	(0.79– 1.17)	0.73	0.99	(0.83– 1.19)	0.94	1.05	(0.88– 1.25)	0.61
Annual Household Income($)
	<=19,999	1.17	(0.99– 1.38)	0.08	1.04	(0.89– 1.22)	0.59	1.08	(0.92– 1.26)	0.34
	20,000–59,999	1.07	(0.93– 1.23)	0.34	0.99	(0.87– 1.13)	0.91	1.0	(0.88– 1.14)	0.95
	>=60,000	1.0			1.0			1.0
Marital Status
	Single(never married)	1.0			1.0			1.0
	Married/Living as married	0.65	(0 57– 0.73)	<0.001	0.74	(0.66– 0.83)	<0.001	0.72	(0.64– 0.80)	<0.001
	Divorced/Separated/Widowed	0.66	(0.54– 0.80)	<0.001	0.74	(0.61– 0.88)	0.001	0.74	(0.61– 0.88)	0.001
Highest Level of Schooling
	Did not complete high school	1.0			1.0			1.0
	high school grad	0.73	(0.61– 0.87)	<0.001	0.75	(0.64– 0.89)	0.001	0.76	(0.65– 0.90)	0.001
	high school + some college	0.68	(0.57– 0.80)	<0.001	0.7	(0.59– 0.82)	<0.001	0.68	(0.58– 0.80)	<0.001
	College grad and post grad	0.32	(0.26– 0.39)	<0.001	0.38	(0.31– 0.45)	<0.001	0.33	(0.27– 0.40)	<0.001
Work Status
	Never worked	1.0			1.0			1.0
	worked last 12 months	0.7	(0.55– 0.89)	0.004	0.82	(0.65– 1.05)	0.12	0.76	(0.60– 0.96)	0.02
	Worked, but not in last 12 months	0.95	(0.73– 1.24)	0.72	0.99	(0.76– 1.29)	0.94	0.86	(0.67– 1.11)	0.25
Age at Diagnosis(yrs)
	0–3	1.0			1.0			1.0
	4–10	0.66	(0.56– 0.77)	<0.001	0.7	(0.60– 0.82)	<0.001	0.70	(0.60– 0.81)	<0.001
	11–14	0.33	(0.27– 0.40)	<0.001	0.34	(0.28– 0.41)	<0.001	0.35	(0.29– 0.42)	<0.001
	15–20	0.19	(0.15– 0.24)	<0.001	0.19	(0.15– 0.24)	<0.001	0.20	(0.16– 0.25)	<0.001
Primary Diagnosis
	Leukemia	1.0			1.0			1.0
	CNS tumors	0.70	(0.57– 0.85)	<0.001	0.74	(0.61– 0.90)	0.003	0.88	(0.73– 1.06)	0.18
	Hodgkin Lymphoma	0.79	(0.66– 0.94)	0.01	1.06	(0.90– 1.25)	0.48	0.88	(0.75– 1.04)	0.14
	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	1.08	(0.89– 1.32)	0.44	1.31	(1.09– 1.59)	0.01	1.15	(0.95– 1.39)	0.14
	Wilms tumor	1.22	(0.98– 1.50)	0.07	1.34	(1.10– 1.62)	0.003	1.22	(1.01– 1.48)	0.04
	Neuroblastoma	1.29	(0.98– 1.68)	0.07	1.32	(1.03– 1.69)	0.03	1.07	(0.83– 1.37)	0.61
	Soft tissue sarcoma	0.87	(0.72– 1.06)	0.18	0.94	(0.78– 1.14)	0.54	0.82	(0.68– 0.99)	0.04
	Bone cancer	1.03	(0.84– 1.25)	0.79	1.01	(0.83– 1.23)	0.89	0.94	(0.77– 1.14)	0.51

b Cranial Radiation substituted for Diagnosis in above model
		Pain or abnormal sensation			Migraine			Other frequent headaches
		RR	95 % CI	p-value	RR	95 % CI	p-value	RR	95 % CI	p-value
Cranial Radiation(Gy)b
	No Radiation	1.0			1.0			1.0
	1.5–50	0.78	(0.59– 1.04)	0.09	0.70	(0.55– 0.89)	0.004	0.79	(0.64– 0.99)	0.04
	50–110	0.76	(0.47– 1.22)	0.26	0.81	(0.52– 1.27)	0.35	0.65	(0.41– 1.03)	0.07
	Scatter c	1.15	(0.91– 1.45)	0.24	1.25	(1.03– 1.52)	0.02	0.86	(0.71– 1.05)	0.14

Note:

^bAdjusted for same covariates as Diagnosis Model in Table 2A with the exception of Primary Diagnosis

^cScatter i.e. indirect exposure to brain due to scatter from non-cranial radiation treatment