Table 3.

Odds Ratios for Using Pain Medication among Childhood Cancer Survivors

a
	Covariates	Odds Ratio	95 % CI	p-value
Sex
	Male	1.0
	Female	1.77	(1.56– 2.00)	<0.001
Race/Ethnicity
	Caucasian	1.0
	Hispanic	1.12	(0.75– 1.67)	0.59
	African American	0.84	(0.61– 1.14)	0.26
	American Indian/Alaskan Native	1.21	(0.58– 2.52)	0.61
	Asian/Pacific Islander	0.65	(0.30– 1.37)	0.25
	Other	1.02	(0.82– 1.27)	0.85
Age at baseline(yrs)
	18–29	1.0
	30–39	0.90	(0.76– 1.07)	0.22
	>=39	1.0	(0.70– 1.43)	0.99
Annual household income($)
	<=19,999	1.38	(1.15– 1.66)	<0.001
	20,000–59,999	1.16	(0.99– 1.35)	0.06
	>=60,000	1.0
Marital Status
	Single (never married)	1.0
	Divorced/Separated/Widowed	1.32	(1.05– 1.65)	0.02
	Living as Married	1.25	(1.00– 1.57)	0.05
	Married	1.09	(0.93– 1.27)	0.28
Education
	Did not complete high school	1.0
	high school grad	0.80	(0.65– 0.99)	0.04
	high school + some college	0.79	(0.64– 0.96)	0.02
	College grad and post grad	0.57	(0.46– 0.72)	<0.001
Work Status
	Never worked	1.0
	Worked, but not in past 12months	1.55	(1.13– 2.13)	0.01
	Worked in past 12months	0.94	(0.70– 1.27)	0.68
Age at Diagnosis(yrs)
	0–3	1.0
	4–10	1.04	(0.86– 1.26)	0.67
	11–14	1.22	(0.97– 1.53)	0.08
	15–20	1.31	(1.02– 1.68)	0.03
Primary Diagnosis
	Leukemia	1.0
	Bone Cancer	1.29	(1.04– 1.60)	0.02
	CNS tumor	0.89	(0.71– 1.10)	0.29
	Hodgkin lymphoma	0.91	(0.74– 1.11)	0.35
	Wilms tumor	1.03	(0.79– 1.34)	0.82
	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	0.91	(0.72– 1.17)	0.47
	Neuroblastoma	1.33	(0.97– 1.82)	0.08
	Soft Tissue sarcoma	1.32	(1.07– 1.64)	0.01

b Cranial Radiation substituted for Diagnosis in above model
	Covariates	Odds Ratio	95 % CI	p-value
Cranial Radiation(Gy)
	No radiation	1.0
	1.5–<50	1.0	(0.84– 1.19)	0.99
	50–110	0.93	(0.70– 1.23)	0.60
	Scatter	0.93	(0.80– 1.10)	0.40