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. 2010 Sep 15;41(1):126–139. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyq154

Table 2.

Association of Alu and LINE-1 methylation with the characteristics of the study subjects, in combination as well as within each of the five studies

Variable Alu
LINE-1
N %5mCa 95% CIa β (95% CI)a N %5mCa 95% CIa β (95% CI)a
All studies
Age, years
    <48 285 26.1 25.8–26.4 264 77.2 76.7–77.8
    48–63 279 26.0 25.8–26.2 271 77.4 77.0–77.8
    64–69 314 26.0 25.8–26.2 307 77.2 76.8–77.6
    70–74 267 25.9 25.7–26.1 263 77.1 76.7–77.6
    ≥75 320 25.9 25.7–26.1 −0.011 (−0.020 to −0.001)b 313 77.2 76.8–77.6 0.003 (−0.016 to 0.021)b
Gender
    Female 206 26.3 26.1–26.6 202 76.6 76.1–77.0
    Male 1238 25.9 25.8–26.0 −0.385 (−0.665 to −0.104) 1216 77.4 77.2–77.5 0.796 (0.261 to 1.330)
BMI, kg/m2
    <25.3 413 25.8 25.7–25.9 408 78.0 77.8–78.3
    25.3–28.5 415 25.8 25.6–25.9 415 78.3 78.1–78.5
    ≥28.6 410 25.9 25.7–26.0 0.012 (−0.005 to 0.030)b 408 78.2 78.0–78.4 0.003 (−0.033 to 0.040)b
Alcohol drinking
    Non-drinker 609 26.1 26.0–26.3 604 77.2 76.9–77.4
    Ever drinker 717 25.9 25.8–26.0 −0.214 (−0.415 to −0.013) 700 77.1 76.9–77.3 −0.053 (−0.430 to 0.323)
Smoking status
    Non-smoker 519 26.0 25.8–26.1 504 77.2 77.0–77.5
    Former smoker 665 26.0 25.9–26.1 659 77.3 77.0–77.5
    Current smoker 257 26.0 25.8–26.2 252 77.2 76.7–77.6
        Trend statistics 0.018 (−0.107 to 0.143) −0.025 (−0.263 to 0.214)
Study 1
Age, years
    <48 0 NA NA 0 NA NA
    48–63 63 26.5 26.2–26.7 63 77.4 77.0–77.9
    64–69 199 26.5 26.3–26.6 196 76.9 76.6–77.1
    70–74 185 26.3 26.1–26.4 186 76.8 76.5–77.1
    ≥75 261 26.2 26.1–26.3 −0.022 (−0.034 to −0.010)b 258 76.9 76.6–77.1 −0.011 (−0.033 to 0.010)b
Gender
    Female 0 NA NA 0 NA NA
    Male 708 26.3 26.2–26.4 NA 703 76.9 76.8–77.0 NA
BMI, kg/m2
    <25.3 160 26.3 26.1–26.4 156 76.9 76.6–77.2
    25.3–28.5 251 26.3 26.1–26.4 252 77.0 76.7–77.2
    ≥28.6 297 26.4 26.2–26.5 0.021 (0.001 to 0.041)b 295 76.9 76.6–77.1 0.005 (−0.032 to 0.042)b
Alcohol drinking
    Non-drinker 383 26.3 26.2–26.5 381 76.7 76.5–76.9
    Ever drinker 271 26.3 26.2–26.4 −0.023 (−0.188 to 0.143) 272 76.9 76.7–77.1 0.239 (−0.037 to 0.515)
Smoking status
    Non-smoker 208 26.3 26.2–26.5 206 76.7 76.5–77.0
    Former smoker 473 26.3 26.2–26.4 470 76.9 76.8–77.1
    Current smoker 27 26.2 25.8–26.6 27 77.4 76.7–78.2
        Trend statistics −0.015 (−0.173 to 0.143) 0.252 (−0.033 to 0.536)
Study 2
Age, years
    <48 41 25.0 24.6–25.5 40 79.4 78.4–80.4
    48–63 141 25.1 24.8–25.3 141 80.5 79.9–81.0
    64–69 109 24.9 24.7–25.2 108 80.2 79.6–80.9
    70–74 75 24.9 24.6–25.3 75 80.2 79.5–80.9
    ≥75 55 25.4 25.0–25.8 0.004 (−0.009 to 0.017)b 55 80.2 79.4–81.1 0.017 (−0.012 to 0.047)b
Gender
    Female 149 25.2 25.0–25.4 148 79.6 79.1–80.1
    Male 272 25.0 24.8–25.1 −0.201 (−0.486 to 0.084) 271 80.6 80.2–80.9 0.951 (0.304 to 1.597)
BMI, kg/m2
    <25.3 206 25.1 24.9–25.3 205 80.1 79.6–80.5
    25.3–28.5 126 25.0 24.7–25.2 125 80.4 79.8–81.0
    ≥28.6 88 25.0 24.7–25.3 −0.013 (−0.051 to 0.025)b 88 80.3 79.6–81.0 −0.024 (−0.110 to 0.062)b
Alcohol drinking
    Non-drinker 138 25.2 24.9–25.5 138 80.4 79.8–81.0
    Ever drinker 283 25.0 24.8–25.2 −0.227 (−0.567 to 0.112) 281 80.2 79.8–80.6 −0.218 (−0.991 to 0.554)
Smoking status
    Non-smoker 169 24.9 24.7–25.1 168 80.3 79.7–80.8
    Former smoker 143 25.1 24.9–25.4 143 80.3 79.7–80.8
    Current smoker 109 25.2 24.9–25.5 108 80.1 79.5–80.8
        Trend statistics 0.136 (−0.046 to 0.317) −0.053 (−0.466 to 0.361)
Study 3
Age, years
    <48 164 27.2 26.7–27.7 150 71.8 70.8–72.7
    48–63 36 26.7 25.6–27.8 31 71.3 69.2–73.4
    64–69 3 26.8 23.0–30.7 3 72.7 65.9–79.4
    70–74 2 27.4 22.7–32.1 2 69.5 61.1–77.8
    ≥75 0 NA NA −0.027 (−0.069 to 0.014)b 0 NA NA 0.007 (−0.071 to 0.084)b
Gender
    Female 57 27.6 26.8–28.5 54 71.4 69.8–73.0
    Male 148 26.9 26.3–27.4 −0.782 (−1.811 to 0.247) 132 71.8 70.8–72.8 0.397 (−1.500 to 2.294)
BMI, kg/m2
    <25.3 NA NA NA NA NA NA
    25.3–28.5 NA NA NA NA NA NA
    ≥28.6 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Alcohol drinking
    Non-drinker 74 27.6 26.7–28.4 71 72.3 70.8–73.8
    Ever drinker 129 26.8 26.2–27.4 −0.756 (−1.831 to 0.319) 113 71.2 70.0–72.3 −1.164 (−3.128 to 0.800)
Smoking status
    Non-smoker 94 27.2 26.5–27.8 82 72.0 70.7–73.3
    Former smoker 32 26.9 25.7–28.1 29 71.2 69.0–73.4
    Current smoker 79 27.1 26.3–27.8 75 71.5 70.2–72.9
        Trend statistics −0.051 (−0.554 to 0.451) −0.232 (−1.171 to 0.707)
Study 4
Age, years
    <48 43 25.8 25.5–26.0 43 78.8 78.5–79.1
    48–63 19 26.0 25.7–26.3 19 78.9 78.4–79.3
    64–69 0 NA NA 0 NA NA
    70–74 0 NA NA 0 NA NA
    ≥75 0 NA NA 0.014 (−0.010 to 0.039)b 0 NA NA −0.006 (−0.040 to 0.027)b
Gender
    Female 0 NA NA 0 NA NA
    Male 62 25.8 25.7–26.0 NA 62 78.8 78.6–79.1 NA
BMI, kg/m2
    <25.3 21 25.7 25.4–26.0 21 79.1 78.7–79.5
    25.3–28.5 26 25.8 25.5–26.1 26 78.8 78.4–79.2
    ≥28.6 15 26.0 25.6–26.4 0.035 (−0.034 to 0.104)b 15 78.4 77.9–78.9 −0.108 (−0.201 to −0.016)b
Alcohol drinking
    Non-drinker NA NA NA NA NA NA
    Ever drinker NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Smoking status
    Non-smoker 20 26.2 25.9–26.5 20 78.8 78.3–79.2
    Former smoker 15 25.5 25.1–25.8 15 78.8 78.3–79.4
    Current smoker 24 25.9 25.6–26.1 24 78.9 78.4–79.3
        Trend statistics −0.162 (−0.380 to 0.055) 0.057 (−0.259 to 0.373)
Study 5
Age, years
    <48 31 24.9 24.6–25.3 31 79.1 77.9–80.2
    48–63 17 24.8 24.3–25.3 17 78.1 76.6–79.7
    64–69 0 NA NA 0 NA NA
    70–74 0 NA NA 0 NA NA
    ≥75 0 NA NA 0.006 (−0.025 to 0.037)b 0 NA NA −0.061 (−0.161 to 0.039)b
Gender
    Female 0 NA NA 0 NA NA
    Male 48 24.9 24.6–25.2 NA 48 78.7 77.8–79.7 NA
BMI, kg/m2
    <25.3 26 25.0 24.6–25.4 26 77.6 76.4–78.8
    25.3–28.5 12 24.6 24.1–25.2 12 79.7 77.9–81.5
    ≥28.6 10 24.8 24.1–25.5 −0.093 (−0.198 to 0.011)b 10 80.5 78.5–82.5 0.386 (0.058 to 0.714)b
Alcohol drinking
    Non-drinker 14 25.4 24.8–25.9 14 77.6 75.8–79.5
    Ever drinker 34 24.7 24.3–25.0 −0.687 (−1.379 to 0.005) 34 79.2 78.0–80.3 1.557 (−0.722 to 3.836)
Smoking status
    Non-smoker 28 24.9 24.5–25.3 28 79.1 77.9–80.3
    Former smoker 2 25.3 23.8–26.8 2 74.5 70.0–79.1
    Current smoker 18 24.8 24.3–25.3 18 78.6 77.1–80.2
        Trend statistics −0.027 (−0.341 to 0.287) −0.290 (−1.300 to 0.719)

%5mC, percentage of 5-methyl cytosine; NA, not available.

aAdjusted for age, gender and study.

bβ for age and BMI were obtained using continuous variables.