Table 3.

Changes in placental morphometry of blood-tissue barrier under pathological conditions (selected publications).

Maternal pathology/ experimental conditions	Basement membrane thickness (μm)		VM Harmonic thickness (μm)		VM Arithmetics thickness (μm)		VM oxygen diff capacity (cm−3 · min−1 · Torr−1)		VM specific oxygen diffusing capacity (cm−3 · min−1 · Torr−1 · kg−1)		References
	Absolute value (in controls)	Changes	Absolute value (in controls)	Changes	Absolute value (in controls)	Change	Absolute value (in controls)	Changes	Absolute value (in controls)	Changes
Obesity								↑			[60]
	0.76 ± 0.04*	↔	10.52 ±0.87	↔	13.05 ±0.76	↔	1.24 ±0.04	↔	1.38 ±0.21	↔	Present study
						↓*					[18]
Diabetes	0.18 ± 0.05	↑									[62]
		↓									[63]
							8.76**	↑	1.06*	↑	[13]
Type 1 diabetes			9.3 ±1.2	↔			2.7 ± 1.2	↔	0.8 ± 0.04	↔	[46]
			5.7 ± 1.9	↑ with fetal macrosomia	5.6 ±1.5	↔	1.72	↓			[64]
		↓									[65]
				Tendency to ↑							[66]
Pre-eclampsia				↓							[67]
			3.81 ± 0.19	↔	5.3 2 ± 0.33	↔	46.6 ± 4.3	↔	13.5 ± 1.04	↔	[11]
Higher altitude			3.56 ± 0.79	↓ theoretically	4.4 ± 0.817	↓ theoretically					[39]
			6.9	↓			4.22	↑			[68]
Maternal Anemia			7.15 ± 0.46	↓			5.31 ± 0.66	↔	1.48 ± 0.16	↔	[48]
Maternal smoking	trophoblast BL =·0.18 ± 0.04	↑								↔	[38,69,70]
IUGR								↓	0.8–0.9	↔	[11]
SGA			2.7 ±·0.1	↓			2.97	↓		↔	[12]
Placental ultrasound maturity			4.26 ±·0.16	↔	4.76 ± 0.19	↔	5.6 ± 0.8*	↔	1.80 ± 0.21*	↔	[71]
								↑ by 40%			[72]
In vitro hypoxia			7.4	↓	5.5						[44]
In vitro hyperoxia			7.4	↑	5.5						[44]
Timing of biopsy			3.87 ±·0.2	↑ after 20 Min	4.85 ± 0.2	↑ after 20 Min					[45]

VM: Villous membrane; IUGR: intrauterine growth retardation; SGA: small for gestational age;

^*Harmonic thickness

^**calculated units.