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NF-κB potentiation is TLR4 dependant. Polymyxin B (PMB) was added to cell culture before stimulation to inhibit TLR4 activation. Cells were stimulated with heat-killed E. coli and viable L. rhamnosus GR-1 for 24 h (n = 3). Bars labeled "a" are significantly different from control and "b" significantly different from E. coli stimulated cells (p-values < 0.05).
