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Effects of the pH treatments on embryonic survival and larval traits for eight R. arvalis populations. Raw data mean ± SE A) embryonic survival, B) metamorphic mass, C) larval period, and D) growth rate. The source pond pH is on the x-axis, and the different pH treatments are pH 7.5 (open circles), pH 4.3 (black circles) and pH 4.0 (black triangles).
