Table 3.

Elevated depressive symptoms as predictors of incident stroke in black, Hispanic, and white/other participants in the Health and Retirement Study

	Adjusted only for demographicsa	Additionally adjusted for adult and social risk factorsb	Additionally adjusted for cardiovascular risk factorsc
	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)
Blacks	1.31 (1.05–1.65)	1.25 (0.99–1.58)	1.12 (0.88–1.42)
Hispanics	1.33 (0.92–1.91)	1.36 (0.93–2.00)	0.99 (0.66–1.50)
Whites/others	1.53 (1.36–1.73)	1.40 (1.24–1.58)	1.28 (1.13–1.44)

^aAdjusted for age at baseline, southern birth, mother’s and father’s education >8 years, and missing indicators for parental education

^bAdjusted for all demographic variables plus own years of education, income, wealth and marital status

^cAdjusted for all demographic and adult SES variables, plus indicators for overweight, obese, level of alcohol use, smoking status, and self-reported diagnoses of hypertension, diabetes, or heart disease

HR hazard ratio, CI confidence intervals