Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the study cohort.
| Characteristics | Metformin (N=61,104) | Sulfonylurea (N=30,550) | Rosiglitazone (N=1923) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR, year) | 60 (55, 69) | 62 (56, 72) | 64 (57,72) |
| Male, % | 95 | 97 | 97 |
| Race, % | |||
| White | 79 | 76 | 72 |
| Black | 16 | 18 | 16 |
| Hispanic | 4 | 5 | 11 |
| Other | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Baseline creatinine, mg/dl, median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) |
| Glomerular filtration rate, ml/min | 81 (72, 93) | 80 (70, 93) | 79 (69, 91) |
| Urine microalbumin–creatinine ratio test available, % | 18 | 22 | 19 |
| Microalbuminuria present, % | 3 | 3 | 4 |
| HbA1c, median (IQR) | 7.1 (6.5, 7.9) | 7.3 (6.6, 8.4) | 6.8 (6.2, 7.6) |
| Systolic blood pressure, median (IQR) | 134 (124, 144) | 135 (124, 146) | 133 (122, 143) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, median (IQR) | 77 (70, 84) | 76 (69, 84) | 74 (67, 81) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 32.3 (28.8, 36.7) | 30.7 (27.3, 34.7) | 30.9 (27.5, 34.7) |
| Coronary artery disease, % | 21 | 23 | 23 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, % | 9 | 11 | 8 |
| Peripheral vascular disease, % | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Smoking, % | 12 | 11 | 8 |
| ACEI or ARBs, % | 57 | 56 | 57 |
| Thiazides, % | 33 | 30 | 28 |
| Loop diuretics, % | 8 | 12 | 10 |
| Statins, % | 62 | 55 | 59 |
| Number of outpatient medications, median (IQR) | 5 (3, 8) | 5 (3, 8) | 5 (3, 7) |
| Number of outpatient visits, median (IQR) | 5 (3, 8) | 5 (3, 8) | 4 (2, 7.5) |
| Hospitalized in the prior year, % | 8 | 10 | 8 |
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; IQR, interquartile range.