Table 2.

CSF biomarker measures as predictors of cognitive decline in individuals with very mild (CDR 0.5) and mild (CDR 1) AD^a

Abbreviations: Aβ42 = amyloid-beta 1–42; AD = Alzheimer disease; CDR = Clinical Dementia Rating; CDR-SB = Clinical Dementia Rating–sum of boxes; p-tau181 = tau phosphorylated at threonine 181; VILIP-1 = Visinin-like protein-1.

^aIn these analyses, CSF biomarker measures were standardized to z scores and examined as continuous variables. The top value represents the estimated effect (β) and the bottom value represents the p values for CSF biomarker/ratio measures (examined as continuous variables) as predictors of the annual change in cognitive measures in the combined (CDR 0.5 and CDR 1) cohort (n = 60). The given β value for a CSF biomarker/ratio reflects the difference in annual change in a cognitive measure per standardized biomarker unit. Analyses were adjusted for age, education, gender, APOE ϵ4 genotype, and baseline dementia severity (i.e., longitudinal CDR-SB models were adjusted for baseline global composite scores, and global or individual composite models were adjusted for baseline CDR-SB).

^*p < 0.001.

^†p < 0.01.

^‡p < 0.05.