Figure 1. Ft induces activation of NF-κB signaling.

RAW264.7 cells (5×10⁵/ml) were unstimulated or stimulated for 6 h with Ft LVS (MOI of 100), LPS (100 ng), Pam3CSK (100 ng), or purified rTul4 lipoprotein (100 ng). Ft was grown in liquid culture (i.e., MHB or BHI broth) or isolated from infected MΦ, as described in Materials and Methods. Following stimulation, cells were analyzed by flow cytometry for eGFP expression. To confirm activation of NF-κB (as reflected in induced GFP expression), one set of cells was stimulated in the presence of the IKK inhibitor PTL (30 μM). FACS results are representative of three independent experiments. SSC, Side-scatter.