. 2011 Nov 1;4(6):633–636. doi: 10.4161/cib.16972

Table 1. Factors affecting the degree of flower constancy in eusocial bees, Apidae.

Factor	Species	Reference
Reward quality	Apis mellifera Apis cerana Trigona dorsalis	¹⁴ ^, ²⁶ ^, ²⁷ ^, ³⁷ ^, ³⁸ ²¹ ³⁹
Reward quantity	Apis mellifera Bombus spp	²⁶ ^, ²⁸ ^, ⁴⁰ ⁴¹
Number of previous rewards	Apis mellifera	²⁶
Color difference between flowers	Apis mellifera Bombus ephippiatus Bombus spp	¹⁰ ^, ¹³ ^, ¹⁴ ^, ²⁵ ¹⁰ ⁴¹
Floral dissimilarities (number of differing traits)	Trigona dorsalis Oxytrigona mellicolor Bombus impatiens	³⁹ ³⁹ ¹⁵ ^, ⁴²
Flower handling time	Apis mellifera	²⁵ ^, ³⁷
Distance between flowers	Apis mellifera Bombus spp	¹⁴ ^, ⁴³ ^, ⁴⁴ ⁴¹
Local enhancement (presence of other bees on flowers)	Oxytrigona mellicolor	³⁹