Figure 4. Effects of vascular endothelial growth factors on the monolayer of lymphatic endothelial cells and sarcoma cells.
VEGF-D at 10−8, 10−7 g/ml and VEGF-C at 10−7 g/ml significantly augmented the transendothelial migration of HT1080 cells through a lymphatic endothelial monolayer compared with the control (a). Representative images of control (b), VEGF-C (c) and VEGF-D (d) at 10−8 g/ml are shown. VEGF-D at 10−7 g/ml, but not VEGF-C, significantly increased the transendothelial migration of HuO9 cells (e). Neither VEGF-C nor -D increased the number of HT1080 cells (f) and HuO9 cells (g) migrating through the pores of the Transwell® membrane compared with the control. (N=5) Error bars indicate standard deviation. Bars on photographs indicate 100µm.