Table 3.
Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risk of pancreatic cancer by quintiles of daily total folate intake stratified by smoking, alcohol, and methionine in a population-based case-control study, San Francisco Bay Area, California
| Folate intake, Quintiles (μg/day) | Cases n (%) | Controls n (%) | OR† (95% CI) | OR‡ (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never smokers | ||||
| Q1 (<280) | 40 (25) | 123 (19) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Q2 (280-<363) | 38 (23) | 118 (18) | 0.92 (0.55-1.6) | 0.85 (0.50-1.4) |
| Q3 (363-<533) | 35 (21) | 139 (21) | 0.70 (0.41-1.2) | 0.70 (0.41-1.2) |
| Q4 (533-<738) | 30 (18) | 131 (20) | 0.66 (0.38-1.1) | 0.69 (0.40-1.2) |
| Q5 (≥738) | 20 (12) | 141 (22) | 0.42 (0.23-0.76) | 0.43 (0.24-0.80) |
| P-trend | 0.002 | 0.007 | ||
| Ever smokers | ||||
| Q1 (<280) | 95 (26) | 217 (21) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Q2 (280-<363) | 62 (17) | 223 (21) | 0.59 (0.40-0.86) | 0.58 (0.40-0.85) |
| Q3 (363-<533) | 79 (22) | 201 (19) | 0.84 (0.58-1.2) | 0.87 (0.60-1.2) |
| Q4 (533-<738) | 72 (20) | 209 (20) | 0.73 (0.51-1.1) | 0.72 (0.49-1.0) |
| Q5 (≥738) | 54 (15) | 199 (19) | 0.66 (0.44-0.98) | 0.70 (0.47-1.0) |
| P-trend | 0.13 | 0.20 | ||
| P for interaction | 0.11 | 0.12 | ||
| Alcohol intake | ||||
| 0-1 drink/day | ||||
| Q1 (<280) | 84 (27) | 219 (20) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Q2 (280-<363) | 58 (19) | 222 (20) | 0.61 (0.41-0.91) | 0.61 (0.41-0.90) |
| Q3 (363-<533) | 70 (22) | 218 (20) | 0.74 (0.50-1.1) | 0.78 (0.53-1.2) |
| Q4 (533-<738) | 52 (17) | 217 (20) | 0.54 (0.36-0.82) | 0.55 (0.37-0.84) |
| Q5 (≥738) | 49 (16) | 233 (21) | 0.54 (0.36-0.80) | 0.57 (0.38-0.87) |
| P-trend | 0.003 | 0.01 | ||
| >1 drink/day | ||||
| Q1 (<280) | 50 (24) | 121 (20) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Q2 (280-<363) | 42 (20) | 119 (20) | 0.80 (0.49-1.3) | 0.91 (0.55-1.5) |
| Q3 (363-<533) | 44 (21) | 122 (21) | 0.89 (0.54-1.5) | 1.05 (0.63-1.8) |
| Q4 (533-<738) | 48 (23) | 123 (21) | 0.88 (0.54-1.4) | 1.1 (0.66-1.8) |
| Q5 (≥738) | 25 (12) | 107 (18) | 0.59 (0.34-1.0) | 0.76 (0.42-1.3) |
| P-trend | 0.16 | 0.69 | ||
| P for interaction | 0.54 | 0.35 | ||
| Methionine intake, mg/day | ||||
| Low (<1730) | ||||
| Q1 (<280) | 88 (27) | 214 (21) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Q2 (280-<363) | 60 (18) | 213 (21) | 0.65 (0.44-0.95) | 0.69 (0.46-1.0) |
| Q3 (363-<533) | 73 (22) | 199 (20) | 0.83 (0.57-1.2) | 0.91 (0.62-1.3) |
| Q4 (533-<738) | 59 (18) | 200 (20) | 0.69 (0.47-1.0) | 0.75 (0.50-1.1) |
| Q5 (≥738) | 47 (14) | 194 (19) | 0.63 (0.42-0.95) | 0.74 (0.48-1.1) |
| P-trend | 0.05 | 0.25 | ||
| High (≥1730) | ||||
| Q1 (<280) | 47 (24) | 126 (19) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Q2 (280-<363) | 40 (20) | 128 (19) | 0.78 (0.47-1.3) | 0.79 (0.47-1.3) |
| Q3 (363-<533) | 41 (21) | 141 (21) | 0.75 (0.45-1.2) | 0.81 (0.48-1.4) |
| Q4 (533-<738) | 43 (22) | 140 (21) | 0.79 (0.48-1.3) | 0.87 (0.51-1.5) |
| Q5 (≥738) | 27 (14) | 146 (21) | 0.50 (0.29-0.85) | 0.56 (0.32-0.97) |
| P-trend | 0.02 | 0.09 | ||
| P for interaction | 0.49 | 0.66 | ||
†
Adjusted for age (in 5-year group), sex, and total energy intake (quartiles)
‡
Additionally adjusted for body mass index, history of diabetes, smoking (not included in analyses stratified by smoking), and alcohol consumption (not included in analyses stratified by alcohol intake)