Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to the Brief Pain Inventory Severity Scale(Quartiles)*
| Characteristic | BPI 1st Quart (n=185) | BPI 2nd Quart (n=188) | BPI 3rd Quart (n=200) | BPI 4th Quart (n=189) | p-value (trend)† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percent | ||||||
| Age | 70–74 | 28.7 | 27.7 | 30.0 | 28.0 | |
| 75–79 | 24.9 | 37.8 | 33.0 | 31.8 | ||
| 80–84 | 29.2 | 20.7 | 20.5 | 23.8 | .57 | |
| >85 | 16.2 | 10.6 | 14.0 | 14.8 | ||
| Women | 52.4 | 58.0 | 67.0 | 77.8 | <.001 | |
| Race | White | 78.9 | 86.2 | 80.5 | 64.4 | |
| Black | 15.7 | 6.9 | 14.0 | 28.2 | ||
| Other | 5.4 | 6.9 | 5.5 | 7.5 | .004 | |
| Education | < High school | 9.2 | 3.7 | 9.5 | 21.8 | |
| High school graduate | 21.1 | 15.4 | 23.5 | 33.5 | ||
| College graduate | 69.7 | 80.9 | 67.0 | 44.7 | <.001 | |
| Body Mass Index | < 25 | 36.5 | 30.3 | 29.2 | 23.0 | |
| 25–29.99 | 40.9 | 48.7 | 40.5 | 41.5 | ||
| ≥ 30 | 22.7 | 21.1 | 30.3 | 35.5 | <.001 | |
| Income | < 15,000 | 16.8 | 13.3 | 20.5 | 38.1 | |
| ≥15,000 | 83.2 | 86.7 | 79.5 | 61.9 | <.001 | |
| Depression (Minor &Major) | 1.1 | 0.5 | 2.0 | 8.5 | <.001 | |
| Anxiety (HADS)¶ | 2.7 | 10.7 | 11.2 | 16.8 | <.001 | |
| Physical activity | Least active tertile | 33.5 | 23.0 | 37.8 | 39.0 | |
| (PASE) | Middle active tertile | 29.2 | 35.3 | 32.1 | 36.9 | |
| Most active tertile | 37.3 | 41.7 | 30.1 | 24.1 | .002 | |
| MMSE score | <24 | 9.7 | 7.5 | 12.5 | 18.5 | .003 |
| Daily analgesic use | 8.7 | 11.2 | 29.0 | 49.2 | <.001 | |
| Daily psychoactive medications use | 10.8 | 11.2 | 18.5 | 20.1 | .003 | |
| Chronic disease management self-efficacy (mean (± SD)) | 9.2 (1.3) | 9.2 (1.0) | 8.9 (1.2) | 8.8 (1.3) | <.001 | |
| Osteoarthritis: | None | 86.5 | 67.6 | 55.0 | 44.7 | |
| Knee OA only | 6.0 | 21.3 | 18.5 | 24.5 | ||
| Hand OA only | 6.0 | 8.0 | 17.0 | 14.9 | ||
| Hand and knee OA | 1.6 | 3.2 | 9.5 | 16.0 | <.001 | |
| Spinal stenosis/disc disease | 12.4 | 15.4 | 17.0 | 28.6 | <.001 | |
| Heart disease | 41.6 | 34.0 | 48.5 | 42.3 | .29 | |
| Diabetes | 16.8 | 16.0 | 19.0 | 28.6 | .003 | |
| Lung Disease | 14.1 | 8.5 | 16.0 | 25.4 | .002 | |
| Peripheral artery disease | 3.2 | 3.7 | 12.0 | 19.1 | <.001 | |
| Neuropathy | 9.8 | 9.6 | 12.8 | 17.0 | .023 | |
*
Three persons of the original 765 were missing Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Severity Subscalepain information. Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding.
†
Mantel-Haenszel χ 2 test for trend (1d.f.) for categorical variables and analysis of variance for continuous variables.
Abbreviations: HADS= Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, PASE = Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, BMI = body mass index, MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination, S.D. = standard deviation, OA= osteoarthritis