Table 4.
Multivariable logistic regression: beta-lactam antibiotics and other risk variables versus binary end point eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 on day 7
| Unadjusted analysis |
Multivariable analysis |
|||
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | p Value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Other variables | ||||
| Age (≥65 vs <65 years) | 2.36 (1.86 to 3.00) | <0.0001 | 1.85 (1.31 to 2.60) | <0.0001 |
| APACHE II score (≥20 vs <20) | 2.49 (1.90 to 3.25) | <0.0001 | 1.64 (1.12 to 2.41) | 0.01 |
| Severe sepsis/septic shock versus milder or no infection | 2.02 (1.59 to 2.56) | <0.0001 | 1.16 (0.82 to 1.66) | 0.40 |
| Autoimmune disease (Y vs N) | 1.31 (0.73 to 2.33) | 0.36 | NI | – |
| Cancer (Y vs N) | 1.26 (0.88 to 1.79) | 0.21 | NI | – |
| Charlson score (≥2 vs <2) | 1.72 (1.35 to 2.18) | <0.0001 | 1.70 (1.21 to 2.40) | 0.002 |
| Surgical (Y vs N) | 1.16 (0.90 to 1.50) | 0.24 | NI | – |
| Body mass index (≥25 vs <25) | 1.57 (1.17 to 2.12) | 0.003 | 1.19 (0.78 to 1.82) | 0.41 |
| Gender (male vs female) | 1.25 (0.99 to 1.57) | 0.06 | 1.28 (0.92 to 1.78) | 0.14 |
| eGFR level at baseline | ||||
| >60 ml/min/1.73 m2 | Ref | – | Ref | – |
| 31–60 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 14.6 (10.2 to 21.0) | <0.0001 | 11.7 (8.0 to 17.0) | <0.0001 |
| <30 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 81.1 (51.2 to 128.5) | <0.0001 | 65.9 (40.7 to 106.6) | <0.0001 |
| Beta-lactam antibiotics | ||||
| Piperacillin/tazobactam (≥3 vs <3 days)* | 2.32 (1.82 to 2.96) | <0.0001 | 1.70 (1.18 to 2.43) | 0.004 |
| Meropenem (≥3 vs <3 days)* | 0.99 (0.71 to 1.37) | 0.94 | NI | – |
| Cefuroxim (≥3 vs <3 days)* | 0.73 (0.57 to 0.94) | 0.01 | 1.24 (0.85 to 1.80) | 0.26 |
All variables entered in the multivariable analysis were adjusted for the other variables in this model.
*
All beta-lactam drug exposures are 3 vs <3 days. eGFR was measured on day 7. If a day 7 measurement was not available, the last measurement before this day was used. All variables with a p value <0.2 were included in the multivariable model.
eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; N, no; NI, not included; Y, yes.