TABLE 2.
Association of Anesthetic Exposure Before the Age of 2 Years With LDs
| No. of Exposures to Anesthesia | No Covariate Adjustmenta |
ASA-PS Adjusteda |
ADG Adjusteda |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |
| Mathematics, reading, or written language LDs | .006 | .015 | .016 | |||
| 0 (n = 700) | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||
| 1 (n = 286) | 1.10 (0.82–1.50) | 1.09 (0.80–1.48) | 1.06 (0.77–1.46) | |||
| ≥2 (n = 64) | 2.16 (1.35–3.46) | 2.11 (1.27–3.49) | 2.12 (1.26–3.54) | |||
| Mathematics LDs | 019 | .094 | .051 | |||
| 0 (n = 700) | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||
| 1 (n = 286) | 1.08 (0.76–1.53) | 1.05 (0.74–1.49) | 0.98 (0.68–1.42) | |||
| ≥2 (n = 64) | 2.12 (1.26–3.57) | 1.87 (1.06–3.29) | 1.97 (1.11–3.50) | |||
| Reading LDs | .063 | .123 | .049 | |||
| 0 (n = 700) | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||
| 1 (n = 286) | 1.08 (0.75–1.56) | 1.06 (0.74–1.54) | 1.01 (0.68–1.50) | |||
| ≥2 (n = 64) | 1.99 (1.12–3.53) | 1.89 (1.03–3.49) | 2.14 (1.15–4.01) | |||
| Written language LDs | .067 | .072 | .101 | |||
| 0 (n = 700) | Referent | Referent | Referent | |||
| 1 (n = 286) | 1.09 (0.78–1.53) | 1.08 (0.77–1.51) | 0.99 (0.69–1.43) | |||
| ≥2 (n = 64) | 1.88 (1.10–3.21) | 1.93 (1.10–3.40) | 1.84 (1.03–3.31) | |||
a
Analyses were performed by using stratified proportional hazards regression. Three models were fit for each LD outcome: the first model did not adjust for any covariates; the second model included ASA-PS as a covariate; and the third model included ADG morbidity clusters as covariates.