Table 2.
Patient characteristics. Values are numbers of patients [n; (% of total within group)] with specified clinical characteristics, except for age and heart rate (mean±SEM), in groups of patients not treated, or treated chronically, with a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist (β-blocker: no, and b-blocker: yes, respectively). Age and heart rate were compared between groups by unpaired Student’s t-test; categorical data by χ2 with Yates’ correction.
|
β-blocker: No n (%) |
β-blocker: Yes n (%) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total patients | 35 | 38 | - |
| Male/female | 28/7 | 26/12 | 0.390 |
| Age (years) | 63.7±1.7 | 64.9±1.4 | 0.606 |
| Heart rate (beats.min−1) | 74±2 | 57±2 | <0.0001* |
| CABG | 30 (86) | 35 (92) | 0.618 |
| AVR | 7 (20) | 3 (8) | 0.245 |
| MVR | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 0.967 |
| β-blocker (any): | 0 (0) | 38 (100) | - |
| atenolol | 0 (0) | 30 (79) | - |
| bisoprolol | 0 (0) | 6 (16) | - |
| carvedilol | 0 (0) | 2 (5) | - |
| ACE inhibitor | 15 (43) | 21 (55) | 0.409 |
| CCB | 19 (54) | 8 (21) | 0.007* |
| Statin | 31 (89) | 38 (100) | 0.103 |
| Nicorandil | 19 (54) | 15 (39) | 0.302 |
| Digoxin | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 0.967 |
| No LVSD | 24 (69) | 30 (79) | 0.458 |
| Mild/moderate LVSD | 11 (31) | 7 (18) | 0.310 |
| Severe LVSD | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 0.967 |
| Previous MI | 12 (34) | 13 (34) | 0.810 |
| Angina | 30 (86) | 34 (89) | 0.895 |
| Hypertension | 17 (49) | 24 (63) | 0.308 |
| Diabetes | 10 (29) | 5 (13) | 0.181 |
*
=p<0.05.
CABG=coronary artery bypass graft, AVR=aortic valve replacement, MVR=mitral valve replacement, CCB=calcium channel blocker, LVSD=left ventricular systolic dysfunction, MI=myocardial infarction.