Figure 7. Ginseng polysaccharide enhances heterosubtypic cross protection in vaccinated mice.

(A) Body weight changes. (B) Survival rates. Mice (n = 5) that were intranasally vaccinated with influenza VLPs (H1 VLP, 8 µg total protein) were intranasally treated with ginseng polysaccharide (5 mg/kg) daily for 12 days prior to infection with H3N2 heterosubtypic virus (A/Philippines/82, 6 LD₅₀). (C) A/PR/8/34 virus specific serum antibody levels. Virus- specific antibody levels were determined in sera collected prior to challenge infection. H1 VLP: Vaccination with H1 VLPs, H1 VLP+GP: Daily treatment with GP for 12 days from the day 1 post vaccination with H1 VLPs, Mock: unvaccinated mice infected with virus.