Figure 5. Expression changes of eight defense-related genes in roots of soybean in response to C. parasiticum infection and rhizobia and/or AMF inoculation as well as P level.

LP, 15 µmol P added as KH₂PHO₄; HP, 500 µmol P added as KH₂PHO₄. Except CK, all the roots were inoculated with C. parasiticum (see Materials and Methods for details). CK: roots without C. parasiticum, AMF and rhizobia inoculation; −R−A: roots without AMF and rhizobia inoculation; +R−A: roots inoculated by rhizobia; −R+A: roots inoculated by AMF; +R+A: roots inoculated by rhizobia and AMF. Each bar represented the mean of three biological replicates with standard error.