Figure 1.

Task and procedures. A) In the motor sequence-learning task, participants pressed a key in response to the position of each stimulus. B) During the encode phase of the word-pair learning task, participants passively viewed the word pairs. During the immediate and delayed recall phases, participants were given a cue and were to respond with the corresponding target word. Feedback was provided in the immediate recall phase. C) Timeline for the two subgroups within each age group (the order of the sequence and word pair tasks was randomized).