Table 1.
Breeds that may be at an increased risk for MMVD.
| Breed | Height (cm) |
Weight (kg) |
AKC Group |
Genetic Group |
Ref.a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chihuahua | 15 | 2 | Toy | Toy | 1,5,6,7,9 |
| Maltese | 23 | 2 | Toy | Toyb | 1,5 |
| Yorkshire terrier | 15 | 3 | Toy | Terrier | 1 |
| Poodle - Toy | 25 | 4 | Toy | working | 1,6,7,9 |
| Papillon | 24 | 4 | Toy | Toy | 9 |
| Pekingese | 19 | 4 | Toy | Toy | 6,9 |
| Miniature pinscher | 28 | 5 | Toy | Toyb | 6,9 |
| Bolognese | 19 | 5 | n.d. | n.d. | 1 |
| Dachshund | 18 | 5 and 11c | Hound | Scenthound | 1,2,3,6,9 |
| Shih Tzu | 24 | 6 | Toy | Toy | 1 |
| Cairn Terrier | 25 | 6 | Terrier | Terrier | 6,9 |
| Miniature Schnauzer | 33 | 6 | Terrier | Terrierb | 7 |
| Bichon Frise | 25 | 6 | Toy | Toy | 1 |
| Cavalier King Charles Spaniel | 32 | 7 | Toy | Spaniel | 1,4,6,7,8,9 |
| Pug Dog | 33 | 7 | Toy | Toy | 1 |
| Miniature Poodle | 32 | 7 | Non-Sporting | Working | 1,6,7,9 |
| West Highland White Terrier | 28 | 8 | Terrier | Terrier | 1 |
| Fox terrier | 38 | 8 | Terrier | n.d. | 5,7 |
| Boston Terrier | 41 | 9 | Non-Sporting | Mastiff | 7,9 |
| Welsh terrier | 38 | 9 | Terrier | Mastiffb | 1 |
| Whippet | 48 | 10 | Hound | Sighthound | 6,9 |
| Bull terrier | 31 and 53c | 11 and 27c | Non-Sporting | Mastiff | 9 |
| American Cocker Spaniel | 37 | 12 | Sporting | Spaniel | 1,2,3 |
| Beagle | 36 | 12 | Hound | Scenthound | 1,2,6,9 |
| Standard Poodle | 38 | 26 | Non-Sporting | Working | 6,9 |
| German Shepherd Dog | 64 | 37 | Herding | Working | 8,9d |
| Great Dane | 81 | 66 | Working | Mountain | 9 |
a)
1- Aupperle, 200955, 2-Buchanan, 199956, 3- Detweiler, 1965 1, 4- Egenvall, 200657, 5-Fleming, 201110, 6 – Thrusfield, 19859, 7- The Quest Trial58,59, 8-Inherited Diseases in Dogs (IDID) Database60, 9-Canine Inherited Disorders Database (CIDD)61.
b)
Breed group determined by microsatellite analysis.
c)
Sizes for miniature and standard versions of the breed.
d)
German Shepherds are underrepresented in MVDD studies by Buchanan and Thrusfield.