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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Epilepsy Behav. 2012 Feb 15;23(3):266–271. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.11.023

Table 2. Reported Seizure Precipitants.

Reported seizure precipitants: physiologic risk factors for seizures and stimulus-related seizure triggers which were identified by patients under guidance of the therapist during the initial assessment. The number of patients who identified each factor, trigger or category, and the relative percentages of all 60 patients are given.

Physiologic risk factors
(39 pts/65%)
Stimulus-related triggers
(51 pts/85%)
Chemical factors
(23 pts/38%)
Body functions
(35 pts/58%)
Emotional stimuli
(47 pts/78%)
Social stimuli
(11 pts/18%)
Sensory stimuli
(9 pts/15%)

Hormonal
(Menses)
(13/22%)
Sleep
(Fatigue/lack of sleep)
(31/52%)
Stress
(24/40%)
Relationships
(Tension, conversations)
(3/5%)
Visual
(flashing lights, computer screens)
(5/8%)
Food
(Skipping meals/excess)
(8/13%)
Exercise
(5/8%)
Fear
(Startle, panic, fear of seizures)
(17/28%)
Work
(little support, overworking)
(7/12%)
Auditory
(Noise, rhythms, telephone)
(4/7%)
Substance use
(Alcohol or caffeine)
(4/7%)
Respiration
(Hypoventilation or Hyperventilation)
(2/3%)
Anger
(or frustration)
(15/25%)
Family
(Tension, conversations)
(3/5%)
Heat
(4/7%)
Missing meds
(4/7%)
Urination
(Urination or urge)
(1/2%)
Anxiety
(or worry)
(14/23%)
School
(Exams, overambition)
(1/2%)
Smell
(Molds, lack of fresh air)
(1/2%)
Fever
(2/3%)
Self-image issues
(Self-doubt, neg. thoughts etc.)
(6/10%)
Past Trauma
(Flashbacks)
(1/2%)
Touch
(1/2%)
Excitement/Agitation
(6/10%)