Table 6.
Proportional hazards models for coronary events using various measures of diastolic blood pressure
| Time-constant models | Time-dependent models | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First available ('remote') DBP | Average of first two DBP |
Most recent DBP | Mean DBP | Time-adjusted mean DBP |
AUC DBP | |||||||
| HR (95% CI) |
p | HR (95% CI) |
p | HR (95% CI) |
p | HR (95% CI) |
p | HR (95% CI) |
p | HR (95% CI) |
p | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) |
0.87 | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) |
0.46 | 1.02 (1.003, 1.05) |
0.02 | 1.04 (1.01, 1.07) |
0.02 | 1.04 (1.01, 1.07) |
0.02 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) |
0.94 |
| Male sex | 2.01 (1.13, 3.60) |
0.02 | 2.00 (1.12, 3.58) |
0.02 | 1.85 (1.02, 3.36) |
0.04 | 1.72 (0.94, 3.15) |
0.08 | 1.70 (0.93, 3.11) |
0.09 | 1.88 (1.03, 3.43) |
0.039 |
| Ageψ | 1.05 (1.04, 1.07) |
< 0.0001 | 1.05 (1.04, 1.07) |
< 0.0001 | 1.06 (1.04, 1.08) |
< 0.0001 | 1.06 (1.04, 1.08) |
< 0.0001 | 1.06 (1.04, 1.07) |
< 0.0001 | 1.06 (1.04, 1.08) |
< 0.0001 |
| SLEDAI-2K¶ | 1.03 (1.01, 1.06) |
0.01 | 1.03 (1.01, 1.06) |
0.01 | 1.09 (1.05, 1.13) |
< 0.0001 | 1.09 (1.05, 1.13) |
< 0.0001 | 1.09 (1.05, 1.13) |
< 0.0001 | 1.09 (1.05, 1.13) |
< 0.0001 |
| Elevated cholesterolζ | 1.42 (0.67, 3.00) |
0.36 | 1.40 (0.66, 2.96) |
0.38 | 1.70 (1.05, 2.74) |
0.03 | 1.70 (1.06, 2.75) |
0.03 | 1.69 (1.04, 2.73) |
0.03 | 1.86 (1.16, 2.99) |
0.01 |
| Corticosteroidsβ | 2.81 (1.16, 6.80) |
0.02 | 2.74 (1.13, 6.63) |
0.03 | 1.75 (0.99, 3.10) |
0.054 | 1.76 (1.00, 3.11) |
0.051 | 1.72 (0.97, 3.03) |
0.06 | 1.81 (1.02, 3.19) |
0.04 |
| Antimalarials§ | 0.57 (0.36, 0.90) |
0.02 | 0.59 (0.37, 0.94) |
0.03 | 0.95 (0.60, 1.51) |
0.82 | 0.96 (0.60, 1.53) |
0.85 | 0.96 (0.60, 1.53) |
0.85 | 0.92 (0.58, 1.47) |
0.73 |
| Immunosuppressives¥ | 0.91 (0.58, 1.43) |
0.68 | 0.89 (0.56, 1.41) |
0.61 | 1.45 (0.89, 2.34) |
0.13 | 1.37 (0.85, 2.23) |
0.20 | 1.38 (0.85, 2.23) |
0.20 | 1.43 (0.88, 2.32) |
0.14 |
95% CI: 95% confidence interval; AUC: area under the curve; BP: blood pressure (mmHg); DBP: diastolic blood pressure (mmHg); HR: hazard ratio; NS: not significant; p: p value; SBP: systolic blood pressure (mmHg); TC: total plasma cholesterol (mmol/L).
ψYears; age at the time of first available TC (or SBP or DBP) in time-constant models and coincident with each TC (or SBP or DBP) measurement in the time-dependent covariate models. ¶SLE Disease Activity Index 2000; scores range from 0 to 105, with higher scores indicating more active disease; measured at the time of first available TC (or SBP or DBP) in time-constant models, and coincident with each TC (or SBP or DBP) measurement in the time-dependent covariate models. ¢Hypertension defined as Diastolic BP ≥ 90 or Systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg; defined as present ever during the study in time-constant models, and coincident with each TC measurement in the time-dependent covariate models. βCorticosteroids defined as used ever during the study in time-constant models, and coincident with each TC (or SBP or DBP) measurement in the time-dependent covariate models. ζElevated total plasma cholesterol (Hypercholesterolemia) defined as total plasma cholesterol > 5.2 mmol/L; measured at the time of first available SBP or DBP in time-constant models, and coincident with each SBP or DBP measurement in the time-dependent covariate models. §Antimalarials include chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine; defined as used ever during the study in time-constant models, and coincident with each TC (or SBP or DBP) measurement in the time-dependent covariate models. ¥Immunosuppressives include methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine and cyclophosphamide; defined as used ever during the study in time-constant models, and coincident with each TC (or SBP or DBP) measurement in the time-dependent covariate models.