Table 3.
Candidate Luminex xMAP® Lung Cancer Serum 10-Biomarker Panel
| Protein Biomarker | Gene | Function | Literature* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Upregulated in lung cancer sera | ||||
| Cyfra 21.1 (Cytokeratin-19) [P08727] | KRT19 | Apoptosis | ↑ | [27] |
| Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) [P14174] | MIF | Lymphokine | ↑ | [28–30] |
| Prolactin (PRL) [P01236] | PRL | Hormone | ↑ | [31,32] |
| Serum amyloid A Protein (SAA) [P02735] | SAA1 | Acute phase reactant | ↑ | [33] |
| Downregulated in lung cancer sera | ||||
| C-C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5, RANTES) [P13501] | CCL5 | Chemokine | — | |
| E-selectin [P16581] | SELE | Cell adhesion | ↑ | [34–37] |
| Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 [P04626] | ERBB2 | Growth factor | ↑- | [38–41] |
| Serpine 1 (PAI-1) [P05121] | SERPINE1 | Protease inhibitor | — | |
| Thrombospondin-1 [P07996] | THBS1 | Cell adhesion | ↓ | [42] |
| Transthyretin (TTR) [P02766] | TTR | Protein transporter | ↓ | [43] |
*
Serum biomarker lung cancer case-control associations reported in literature, — literature not informative, ↑ biomarker elevated in cases, ↓ biomarker depressed in cases, ↑-biomarker elevated in cases according to some studies and unassociated with lung cancer according to other studies