Table 6.
Effects of nurse staffing and practice environment on nurse outcomes in study countries
| Nurse outcome | Europe | US | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | ||
| Poor or fair quality of care in ward | |||||
| Practice environment | 0.58 (0.53 to 0.63) | 0.56 (0.51 to 0.61) | 0.52 (0.49 to 0.56) | 0.54 (0.51 to 0.58) | |
| Staffing | 1.11 (1.08 to 1.13) | 1.11 (1.07 to 1.15) | 1.2 (1.16 to 1.25) | 1.06 (1.03 to 1.1) | |
| Poor or failing safety grade in ward | |||||
| Practice environment | 0.5 (0.43 to 0.57) | 0.50 (0.44 to 0.56) | 0.53 (0.48 to 0.59) | 0.55 (0.5 to 0.61) | |
| Staffing | 1.04 (1.01 to 1.08) | 1.1 (1.05 to 1.16) | 1.18 (1.12 to 1.23) | 1.05 (1 to 1.1) | |
| Burnout | |||||
| Practice environment | 0.69 (0.63 to 0.76) | 0.67 (0.61 to 0.73) | 0.69 (0.66 to 0.73) | 0.71 (0.68 to 0.75) | |
| Staffing | 1.06 (1.04 to 1.08) | 1.05 (1.02 to 1.09) | 1.12 (1.08 to 1.15) | 1.03 (1 to 1.06) | |
| Job dissatisfaction | |||||
| Practice environment | 0.63 (0.57 to 0.69) | 0.52 (0.47 to 0.57) | 0.58 (0.55 to 0.61) | 0.6 (0.57 to 0.64) | |
| Staffing | 1.1 (1.08 to 1.12) | 1.07 (1.04 to 1.11) | 1.17 (1.13 to 1.21) | 1.06 (1.03 to 1.09) | |
| Intention to leave in the next year | |||||
| Practice environment | 0.72 (0.66 to 0.79) | 0.61 (0.56 to 0.67) | 0.7 (0.65 to 0.76) | 0.69 (0.64 to 0.75) | |
| Staffing | 1.04 (1.01 to 1.06) | 1.05 (1.02 to 1.09) | 1.1 (1.05 to 1.15) | 1.03 (0.98 to 1.08) | |
| Not confident that patients can manage own care after hospital discharge | |||||
| Practice environment | 0.62 (0.56 to 0.69) | 0.73 (0.69 to 0.78) | 0.71 (0.67 to 0.75) | 0.72 (0.68 to 0.77) | |
| Staffing | 1.08 (1.05 to 1.11) | 1.03 (1 to 1.05) | 1.1 (1.06 to 1.13) | 1.04 (1.01 to 1.07) | |
| Not confident that hospital management would resolve patients’ problems | |||||
| Practice environment | 0.5 (0.46 to 0.54) | 0.53 (0.48 to 0.58) | 0.56 (0.53 to 0.59) | 0.56 (0.54 to 0.59) | |
| Staffing | 1.04 (1.01 to 1.07) | 1.02 (0.98 to 1.06) | 1.12 (1.09 to 1.17) | 1.01 (0.98 to 1.03) | |
Huber-White cluster correction used for standard errors. Controls included hospital characteristics (teaching status, high technology, bed size), nurse characteristics (age, sex, and full time employment status), specialty of unit, and country.