Table 1.
Outcome Variable | Primary Independent Variable | Covariate |
Any HPV | Condom use | Age |
Any oncogenic HPV | Ethnicity | |
Only nononcogenic HPV | Race | |
Marital status | ||
Has a steady partner | ||
Amount of education | ||
Current cigarette smoker | ||
Log smoking pack-years | ||
Monthly alcohol intake | ||
Circumcised | ||
Age at first sexual intercourse | ||
Lifetime number of partners | ||
Number of female partners in the past 3–6 mo | ||
History of any sexually transmitted disease | ||
Partner history of sexually transmitted disease | ||
Partner with abnormal Pap smear in the past 6 mo | ||
Country of residence | ||
Positive for herpes simplex virus, syphilis, gonorrhea, and/or chlamydia | ||
Frequency of sexual intercourse |
Abbreviation: HPV, human papillomavirus