Figure 1.

ETYA, but not fibrates, reduces CCL2/MCP-1 transcript levels and protein release in IFN-γ-stimulated astrocytes. (A and B) Primary astrocytes were stimulated with IFN-γ for 3 h (A) or 12 h (B) in the presence of the indicated levels of individual PPAR-α activators. Then, CCL2/MCP-1 and TNF-α mRNA levels and protein secretion into media were determined using qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Data are presented as means ± SDs or SEMs of three independent experiments (*p < 0.01 versus IFN-γ group).