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. 2012 Feb 27;10:e001. doi: 10.1621/nrs.10001

Figure 2. Sumoylation and ubiquitination of the androgen receptor are involved in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy.

Figure 2

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy is caused by an abnormally high number of CAG trinucleotide repeats that encode for a stretch of uninterrupted polyglutamine amino acids in the AR known as a polyglutamine tract or polyQ tract. (A) Sumoylation of the androgen receptor has been shown to reduce aggregates of polyQ and occurs at lysine residues 386 and 520. (B) Overexpression of carboxyl terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP), an ubiquitin E3 ligase, leads to ubiquitination of mutant AR, providing protection from SBMA.