HUVECs were treated with 10 nM E2, 100 nM 4-OHT, or 100 nM RAL. Where indicated, cells were also pretreated for 6 h with 100 nM ICI 182,780 followed by addition of 10 nM E2, 100 nM 4-OHT, or 100 nM RAL for 48 h. Total mRNA was isolated following treatment and QRT-PCR was performed as described in Material and Methods. Values are the average of 3 separate experiments ± SEM. TFAM is nuclear-encoded and regulated by NRF-1. Tfam regulates mtDNA-encoded target genes cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI, MTCO1); and NADH dehydrogenase subunit I (NDI). *, p < 0.05 versus EtOH control; ** p < 0.05 versus the same treatment without ICI.