Table 1.

Results of generalized estimating equations (GEE) for the effect of social familiarity on inter-individual distances of juvenile P. persimilis within groups consisting of both familiar and unfamiliar mixed-age juvenile life stages (larvae and protonymphs) (experiment 1)

Source of variation	Wald χ²	df	P
Familiarity	4.914	1	0.303
Life stage	9.315	2	<0.010
Familiarity × life stage	0.024	1	0.877
Time × familiarity	220.381	12	<0.001
Time × life stage	59.975	18	<0.001