Table 1.
Maternal and Infant Characteristics by Resuscitation Status
| Maternal characteristics | Resuscitated | Non-resuscitated |
|---|---|---|
| Completed 12-month evaluation - N | 86 | 115 |
| Age (years) - mean (SD) | 24 ± 5 | 26 ± 6 |
| Formal schooling completed - n/N (%) | ||
| None, illiterate | 37/84 (44) | 53/108 (49) |
| None, literate/primary | 27/84 (32) | 35/108 (32) |
| Some secondary/university | 20/84 (24) | 20/108 (19) |
| Married - n/N (%) | 81/86 (94) | 108/115 (94) |
| Parity - mean (SD) | 2.7 ± 2.2 | 3.1 ± 2.3 |
| Primiparous - n/N (%) | 31/84 (37) | 30/114 (26) |
| Vaginal vertex delivery - n/N (%) | 82/84 (98) | 109/109 (100) |
| Prenatal care - n/N (%) | 70/86 (81) | 101/115 (88) |
| Infant characteristics | ||
| Gender (male) - n/N (%) | 51/86 (59) | 63/115 (55) |
| Birth weight (grams) - n/N (%) | ||
| 1500–2499 | 16/83 (19) | 24/107 (22) |
| 2500–2999 | 40/83 (48) | 48/107 (45) |
| ≥ 3000 | 27/83 (33) | 35/107 (33) |
| Gestational age (week) - mean (SD) | 37.3 ± 2.3 | 37.5 ± 1.9 |
| Gestational age categorized - n/N (%) | ||
| 28–36 | 31/86 (36) | 36/113 (32) |
| 37–41 | 52/86 (60) | 72/113 (64) |
| ≥ 42 | 3/86 (4) | 5/113 (4) |
| Apgar scores–median (25%ile–75%ile) | ||
| 1 minute | 5 (4 – 5) | 9 (9 – 10) |
| 5 minute | 9 (7 – 10) | 10 (9 – 10) |
| Resuscitated - n/N (%) | ||
| Type of resuscitation (all that apply) | ||
| Bag and mask | 83/84 (99) | 0/115 (0) |
| Chest compressions | 2/84 (2) | 0/115 (0) |
| Other | 1/84 (1) | 0/115 (0) |
| Neurological exam score - n/N (%) | ||
| Normal | 73/83 (88) | 110/110 (100) |
| Grade 1 (Mild) | 10/83 (12) | 0/110 (0) |
| Grade 2 (Moderate) | 0/83 (0) | 0/110 (0) |
| Location of birth - n/N (%) | ||
| Home | 37/84 (44) | 59/111 (53) |
| Clinic | 17/84 (20) | 25/111 (23) |
| Private/public/government hospital | 29/84 (35) | 27/111 (24) |
| Other | 1/84 (1) | 0/111 (0) |
| Birth attendant - n/N (%) | ||
| Physician | 9/84 (11) | 9/111 (8) |
| Nurse/midwife/health worker | 41/84 (49) | 48/111 (43) |
| Traditional Birth Attendant | 34/84 (40) | 49/111 (44) |
| Family/Unattended | 0/84 (0) | 5/111 (5) |