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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pain Med. 2012 Feb 7;13(3):472–483. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01324.x

Table 2.

Frequency of Moderate to Severe Opioid-Related Side Effects

Time Point
Day of Surgery POD1 POD2 POD3 Statistical Analysis
% (n) % (n) % (n) % (n)
Daytime Sedation 35.5% (16) 8.9% (4) 15.5% (7) 8.9% (4) Cochran Q = 17.33
p=0.001
Nausea 26.7% (12) 28.9% (13) 24.4% (11) 8.9% (4) Cochran Q = 8.33
p=0.04
Vomiting 22.7% (10) 13.6% (6) 15.9% (7) 2.3% (1) Cochran Q = 9.69
p=0.021
Constipation 2.4% (1) 19.0% (8) 16.7% (7) 11.9% (5) Cochran Q = 12.78
p=0.005
Lightheadedness, Feeling Dizzy 13.9% (6) 9.3% (4) 2.3% (1) 2.3% (1) Cochran Q = 7.20
p=0.07
Nightmares 0 0 2.3% (1) 2.3% (1) Cochran Q = 3.00
p=0.39

POD, postoperative day