Table 1. Summary of clusters derived by latent class analyses.
| Questions | Criteriaa | Cluster | Characteristic and affection status for broader phenotype | Predominant gender and age classes | Severity of symptoms | n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inattention | ||||||
| 1–9 | >5 | 1 | Minimal symptoms, unaffected for ADHD | Females-adults | Not severe | 370 (27.6) |
| 2 | Few symptoms, unaffected for ADHD | Males-adults | Not severe | 313 (23.4) | ||
| 3 | Mostly inattentive, high presence of symptoms, affected for ADHD | Males-children and adolescents (few adults) | Severe | 271 (20.2) | ||
| 4 | Mostly inattentive, higher presence of symptoms, affected for ADHD | Males-children and adolescents (few adults) | Severe | 182 (13.6) | ||
| 5 | Fewer symptoms, affected for ADHD | Males-adults | Severe | 151 (11.3) | ||
| 6 | Fewer symptoms, affected for ADHD | Males-children | Severe | 53 (4.0) | ||
| Hyperactivity/impulsivity | ||||||
| 10–18 | >5 | 1 | Minimal H/I symptoms, most individuals unaffected for ADHD | Females-adults | Not severe | 418 (31.2) |
| 2 | Minimal H/I symptoms, most individuals unaffected for ADHD | Males-adults | Not severe | 307 (22.9) | ||
| 3 | Few symptoms, affected for ADHD | Males-adolescents | Severe | 165 (12.3) | ||
| 4 | High presence of symptoms except for Q12, most individuals affected for ADHD | Males-children and adolescents (few Adults) | Severe | 165 (12.3) | ||
| 5 | Few symptoms for Q10–14 and fewer for Q15-Q18, individuals are mostly affected | Females-adults | Severe | 101 (7.5) | ||
| 6 | Few symptoms for Q10 and Q11, but minimal symptoms for the rest; ADHD affection status is equally present | Males-all ages | Not severe | 58 (4.3) | ||
| 7 | Mostly H/I individuals, all affected for ADHD; higher presence of symptoms | Males-children | Severe | 53 (4.0) | ||
| 8 | Mostly H/I individuals affected for ADHD; high presence of symptoms | Males-children | Severe | 48 (3.6) | ||
| 9 | Few-to-minimal symptoms except in Q15; ADHD affection status is equally present | Males-children | Not severe | 25 (1.9) | ||
| ODD | ||||||
| 19–26 | >3 | 1 | Minimal symptoms, most individuals unaffected for ADHD | Female-adults | Not severe | 365 (27.2) |
| 2 | Few symptoms, most individuals affected for ADHD | Male-all ages | Not severe | 293 (21.9) | ||
| 3 | High presence of symptoms in Q19–25 and few for Q26; most individuals affected for ADHD | Males-children | Severe | 182 (13.6) | ||
| 4 | Minimal symptoms in all questions; individuals are mostly unaffected for ADHD | Males-adults | Not severe | 161 (12) | ||
| 5 | Minimal symptoms in all questions; ADHD affection status is equally present | Males-children and adolescents (few adults) | Not severe | 149 (11.1) | ||
| 6 | Few symptoms in Q20 and Q24; ADHD affection status is equally present | Females-adults | Not severe | 143 (10.7) | ||
| 7 | Higher presence of symptoms in all questions; most individuals affected for ADHD | Males-children and adolescents (few adults) | Severe | 47 (3.5) | ||
| Anxiety and depression | ||||||
| 41–47 | >2 | 1 | Minimal symptoms in all questions; individuals are mostly unaffected for ADHD | Males-adults | Not severe | 375 (28.0) |
| 2 | Fewer symptoms; mostly affected individuals | Females-adults | Not severe | 376 (28.1) | ||
| 3 | Few symptoms; most individuals unaffected for ADHD | Males-children | Not severe | 255 (19) | ||
| 4 | Fewer symptoms in Q41, Q42 and Q47 with few on the rest; most individuals affected for ADHD | Males-children | Not severe | 157 (11.7) | ||
| 5 | High presence of symptoms; most individuals affected for ADHD | Females-adults | Severe | 132 (9.9) | ||
| 6 | Higher presence of symptoms in all questions; most individuals affected for ADHD | Females-adults | Severe | 45 (3.4) | ||
Abbreviations: ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; adolescents, 12–17 years; adults, >17 years; children, 4–11 years; H/I, hyperactivity/impulsivity; ODD, oppositional defiant disorder; Q, question.
a
Number of questions being marked as ‘often' or ‘very often' in the Vanderbilt Assessment Scale for Parents (VAS-P) questionnaire.