Table 3.

Odds that older parent ever gave goods or money to child in the prior year: Results from survey-adjusted logistic regression, Ismailia, Egypt (N = 4,465)

	Model 1 (SE)	Model 2 (SE)	Model 3 (SE)	Model 4 (SE)	Model 5 (SE)
Goods
Mother (ref: father)	0.25**	0.41**	0.35**	0.54**	0.45**
	(8.89)	(5.07)	(4.82)	(2.85)	(3.41)
Daughter (ref: son)	1.11	1.88**	1.11	1.86**	1.54**
	(1.49)	(7.54)	(1.23)	(6.96)	(3.26)
Mother × daughter					1.41†
					(1.99)
Money
Mother (ref: father)	0.23**	0.40**	0.30**	0.46**	0.39**
	(8.09)	(4.12)	(4.63)	(2.91)	(3.55)
Daughter (ref: son)	0.96	1.48**	0.95	1.45**	1.22
	(0.51)	(4.16)	(0.54)	(3.57)	(1.37)
Mother × daughter					1.40†
					(1.91)

Note. Model 1 controls for parent’s age and urban versus rural residence. Model 2 controls for variables in Model 1, plus child characteristics (birth order, grades of schooling, marital status, age, and, coresidence with parent). Model 3 controls for variables in Model 1, plus parent characteristics (number of living daughters and number of living sons aside from index child, marital status, household standard of living, employment status at age 50, number of ADLs with severe difficulty, and M–MMSE score. Model 4 controls for variables in Models 1, 2, and 3; Model 5 controls for variables in Model 4 plus the interaction between parent’s and child’s gender.

^†p ≤ .10.

^*p ≤ .05.

^**p ≤ .01.