Effects of structural properties of electrospun nano-fiber TiO2 meshes on osteoblast maturation. MG63 cells were plated on the flat or patterned side of both 6% and 10% PVP TiO2 meshes and grown to confluence. At confluence, (a) cell number, (b) ALP specific activity, (c) OCN, (d) OPG, and (e) VEGF levels were measured. Data represented are the mean ± SE of six independent samples. * refers to a statistically-significant p value below 0.05 vs. all TiO2 groups; ^ refers to a statistically-significant p value below 0.05 vs. TCPS; # refers to a statistically-significant p value below 0.05 vs. flat side of the same formulation; $ refers to a statistically-significant p value below 0.05 vs. 6% PVP of the same side.