Table 1.
Participant Characteristics (M ± SD or n (%))
| Characteristics | Analysis Sample, N = 3,059 |
| Age | 76.4 ± 5.5 |
| Race/ethnic group | |
| White | 2,755 (90.1) |
| Minority | 304 (9.9) |
| Education | |
| <High school | 145 (4.7) |
| High school | 482 (15.8) |
| Some college | 689 (22.5) |
| College | 567 (18.5) |
| Graduate education | 1,176 (38.4) |
| Alcohol (had 12 drinks in past 12 months) | 2,000 (65.7) |
| Caffeine intake (mg/day) | 235.2 ± 244.2 |
| Benzodiazepine use | 133 (4.4) |
| Non-benzodiazepine sedative hypnotic use | 62 (2.0) |
| Antidepressant use | 234 (7.7) |
| Diabetes | 405 (13.2) |
| Hypertension | 1,520 (49.7) |
| Coronary artery disease | 747 (24.4) |
| Congestive heart failure | 185 (6.1) |
| COPD | 154 (5.0) |
| Number of mobility/IADL difficulties | 0.4 ± 0.8 |
| Geriatric Depression Scale ≥ 6 | 194 (6.4) |
| SF-12 physical | 48.7 ± 10.1 |
| SF-12 mental | 55.0 ± 7.5 |
Note: N ranges from 3,044 to 3,059. IADL = instrumental activities of daily living; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.