Table 2.

Descriptive Statistics (M ± SD or n (%)) for PSQI Scores Across Demographic Variables

	N	Global Score	p Value	Global Score > 5	p Value	Sleep Quality	Sleep Latency	Sleep Duration	Sleep Efficiency	Sleep Disturbances	Sleep Medications	Daytime Dysfunction
Total sample	3,039	5.6 ± 3.2		1,342 (44.2)		0.9 ± 0.7	0.8 ± 0.9	0.8 ± 0.7	0.6 ± 0.9	1.3 ± 0.5	0.5 ± 1.0	0.8 ± 0.7
Age (y)
65–69	265	5.1 ± 2.8	.04	103 (38.9)	.31	0.9 ± 0.6	0.7 ± 0.8	0.8 ± 0.7	0.4 ± 0.8	1.3 ± 0.6	0.3 ± 0.8	0.7 ± 0.7
70–74	1,037	5.6 ± 3.3*		459 (44.3)		0.9 ± 0.7	0.8 ± 0.9	0.8 ± 0.7	0.6 ± 0.9	1.3 ± 0.5	0.5 ± 1.0	0.7 ± 0.7
75–79	880	5.6 ± 3.1*		391 (44.4)		0.9 ± 0.7	0.8 ± 0.8	0.8 ± 0.7	0.6 ± 0.8	1.3 ± 0.5	0.5 ± 1.0	0.8 ± 0.7
80+	857	5.7 ± 3.3*		389 (45.4)		0.9 ± 0.7	0.9 ± 0.9	0.7 ± 0.7	0.7 ± 0.9	1.3 ± 0.5	0.5 ± 1.0	0.8 ± 0.7
Education
<High school	145	6.6 ± 3.6	<.001	81 (55.9)	<.001	1.0 ± 0.8	1.0 ± 1.0	0.9 ± 0.8	0.9 ± 1.0	1.5 ± 0.6	0.5 ± 1.1	0.8 ± 0.7
High school	481	5.9 ± 3.5*		230 (47.8)		0.9 ± 0.7	0.9 ± 0.9	0.9 ± 0.7	0.7 ± 1.0	1.4 ± 0.5	0.4 ± 1.0	0.8 ± 0.7
Some college	683	5.8 ± 3.3*		324 (47.4)		0.9 ± 0.7	0.8 ± 0.9	0.8 ± 0.7	0.6 ± 0.9	1.3 ± 0.6	0.5 ± 1.0	0.8 ± 0.7
College	561	5.5 ± 3.1*†		240 (42.8)		0.9 ± 0.7	0.8 ± 0.8	0.8 ± 0.7	0.6 ± 0.9	1.3 ± 0.5	0.4 ± 0.9	0.7 ± 0.7
Graduate education	1,169	5.2 ± 3.0*†‡		467 (40.0)		0.8 ± 0.7	0.7 ± 0.8	0.7 ± 0.6	0.5 ± 0.8	1.3 ± 0.5	0.5 ± 1.0	0.7 ± 0.7
Race/ethnicity
White	2,735	5.6 ± 3.2	.02	1,188 (43.4)	.02	0.9 ± 0.7	0.8 ± 0.9	0.8 ± 0.7	0.6 ± 0.9	1.3 ± 0.5	0.5 ± 1.0	0.8 ± 0.7
Minority	304	6.0 ± 3.3		154 (50.7)		0.9 ± 0.7	0.9 ± 0.9	1.0 ± 0.8	0.8 ± 1.1	1.3 ± 0.6	0.3 ± 0.8	0.7 ± 0.7

Note: Higher global and component scores indicate greater disturbance; global scores >5 suggest clinically significant disturbance.

^*p < .05 compared with the first category (age 65–69 or education less than high school).

^†p < .05 compared with the second category (age 70–74 or education = high school).

^‡p < .05 compared with the third category (age 75–79 or education = some college). PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.